A process is disclosed for chlorinating, brominating and/or iodinating an organic substrate containing both a single acidic hydrogen atom and at least one electron withdrawing group attached to the same carbon atom. The process replaces the single acidic hydrogen with chlorine, bromine and/or iodine and involves reacting the substrate in solution with a halogenating agent (e.g., a perhalomethane wherein the halogen substituents are I, Br and/or Cl, a trihaloacetic acid ester wherein the halogen substituents are Br and/or Cl, or a perfluoroalkyl halide wherein the halide is I, Br and/or Cl) in the presence of a quaternary ammonium fluoride catalyst of the formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 NF where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently chosen from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl radicals containing from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms.
本发明揭示了一种
氯化、
溴化和/或
碘化含有单个酸性氢原子和至少一个连接到同一碳原子上的电子提取基团的有机基质的方法。该方法用
氯、
溴和/或
碘替换单个酸性氢,并涉及在四元
铵氟化催化剂的存在下,将基质与卤代试剂(例如,卤代
甲烷,其中卤素取代基是I、Br和/或Cl,三卤代
乙酸酯,其中卤素取代基是Br和/或Cl,或
全氟烷基卤化物,其中卤素是I、Br和/或Cl)在溶液中反应。四元
铵氟化催化剂的
化学式为R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 NF,其中R.sup.1、R.sup.2、R.sup.3和R.sup.4分别独立地选择从含有1到约20个碳原子的烃基基团的群组成。