A process for the manufacture of aromatic compounds containing fluorine comprises reacting an aromatic compound containing one or more chlorine atoms bound to the nucleus and, in addition to chlorine, at least two strongly electro-negative substituents, at least one of which is, in the case of compounds of the benzene or naphthalene series, in ortho- or para - position (for naphthalene compounds "ortho-" includes 1 : 8-position and "para-" includes 2 : 5 position) to a chlorine atom, with dry potassium fluoride at a raised temperature and in absence of a solvent. The electro-negative substituents may be nitro, sulphonamido, sulpho-ester, carboxy-ester, carbamido, carboxyanhydride or trifluoromethyl groups or quinone oxygen (in the case of anthraquinones the chlorine atom or atoms may be in either the a - or b -positions). The process may be carried out by heating in a closed vessel to a temperature between 175 DEG and 275 DEG C., using appropriate quantities of potassium fluoride to partially or wholly replace chlorine atoms by fluorine atoms. New compounds prepared by the process are dinitro-chloro-difluorobenzenes from 1 : 3-dinitro-2 : 5 : 6-trichlorobenzene and from 1 : 3 - dinitro - 2 : 4 : 6 - trichlorobenzene; 1 : 3 - dinitro - 4 - fluoro - 5 - trifluoromethylbenzene from 1 : 3 - dinitro - 4 - chloro - 5 - trifluoromethyl - benzene; 2 - chloro - 3 - fluoronaphthoquinone from 2 : 3-dichloro-naphthoquinone; 1 - fluoroanthraquinone from 1-chloroanthraquinone; 1 : 8 - difluoroanthraquinone from 1 : 8 - dichloroanthraquinone; 2 : 5 - difluoro - 3 : 6 - dichloro - 1 : 4 - benzoquinone and 2 - fluoro - 3 : 5 : 6 - trichloro-1 : 4 - benzoquinon from chloranil; and 1-fluoro - 2 - nitrobenzene - 4 - sulphonic acid diethylamide from 1 - chloro - 2 - nitrobenzene-4 - sulphonic acid diethylamide. Other compounds which may be prepared by the process include 1 : 3 - dinitro - 4 : 6 - difluorobenzene and 1 : 3 - dinitro - 4 - chloro - 6 - fluorobenzene from 1 : 3 - dinitro - 4 : 6 - dichlorobenzene; 3-nitro - 4 - fluoro - benzoic acid - ethyl ester from 3 - nitro - 4 - chloro - benzoic acid ethyl ester; 3 - nitro - 6 - fluoro - benzoic acid methyl ester from 3-nitro-6-chloro-benzoic acid methyl ester; 4-fluoro-phthalic anhydride from 4-chloro-phthalic anhydride; and 2-fluoroanthraquinone from 2-chloroanthraquinone.
一种制备含
氟芳香化合物的方法包括将一种含有一个或多个
氯原子结合到核上的芳香化合物与
氟化
钾在升高的温度下反应,且除
氯外,还至少有两个强电负取代基,其中至少一个在苯或
萘系列化合物中位于邻位或对位(对于
萘化合物,“邻-”包括1:8位,“对-”包括2:5位)至
氯原子。这些电负取代基可以是硝基、
磺胺基、
磺酸酯、羧酯、
氨基、
羧酸酐或三
氟甲基基团或醌氧(在
蒽醌的情况下,
氯原子可以位于a-或b-位置)。该过程可通过在封闭容器中加热至175摄氏度至275摄氏度的温度,使用适量的
氟化
钾部分或完全用
氟原子取代
氯原子来进行。该过程制备的新化合物包括1:3-二硝基-
氯二
氟苯、1:3-二硝基-4-
氟-5-三
氟甲基苯、2-
氯-3-
氟萘醌、1-
氟蒽醌、1:8-二
氟蒽醌、2:5-二
氟-3:6-二
氯-1:4-苯醌、2-
氟-3:5:6-三
氯-1:4-苯醌、
1-氟-2-硝基苯-4-
磺酸二乙酰胺等。其他可能通过该方法制备的化合物包括1:3-二硝基-4:6-二
氟苯、1:3-二硝基-4-
氯-6-
氟苯、
3-硝基-4-
氟苯甲酸乙酯、
3-硝基-6-
氟苯甲酸甲酯、4-
氟邻苯二酐、2-
氟蒽醌等。