Toward the Design of an RNA:DNA Hybrid Binding Agent
摘要:
One characteristic function of the retroviruses, which is generally not found in normal eukaryotic cells, is production of a long RNA:DNA hybrid in the viral replication phase. If agents are designed which bind only to the RNA:DNA hybrid, but neither to DNA nor to RNA, such agents will be able to inhibit specifically the RNase H activity of retroviral reverse transcriptase, and therefore will suppress viral replication. Actinomycin D binds to double-stranded DNA, but not to RNA, because steric hindrance between the 2-amino group of the phenoxazinone ring and the 2'-hydroxyl group of RNA prevents intercalation of the antibiotic. However, if the C8-H in the phenoxazinone ring is replaced by an aromatic nitrogen N8, a strong hydrogen bond acceptor, this analog (N8-actinomycin D) might be able to bind intercalatively to an RNA:DNA hybrid by forming an additional hydrogen bond between N8 and the 2'-hydroxyl group of guanosine ribose. This hypothesis has been tested by a molecular mechanics calculation using a model structure of the complex between N8-actinomycin D and a small RNA:DNA hybrid, r(GC):d(GC). The results of the molecular mechanics calculation suggest that N8-actinomycin D can intercalatively bind to the RNA: DNA hybrid by making an additional intracomplex hydrogen bond. This hydrogen bonding capability of N8 has been confirmed in the crystal structure of the chromophore of N8-actinomycin D. Thus, N8-actinomycin D has been synthesized by coupling the pyridine and benzene fragments obtained independently. A binding study indicates that both actinomycin D and N8-actinomycin D bind intercalatively not only to DNA:DNA double strands but also to RNA:DNA hybrids. Although the overall binding capacity of N8-actinomycin D is reduced substantially in comparison with that of actinomycin D itself, N8-actinomycin D tends to bind relatively more favorably than actinomycin D to the RNA:DNA hybrids. Thus, this initial attempt at designing an RNA:DNA hybrid binding agent appears to be successful. However, it is necessary to modify the agent further to increase its RNA:DNA hybrid binding character and to decrease the DNA:DNA binding character, in order to make a useful RNA:DNA hybrid binding agent.
(i.e., trimethyl) carbamate as a new class of self-immolative linker for the fluorescence detection of enzyme reactions. The trimethyl carbamate was shown to spontaneously undergo intramolecular cyclization upon formation of a carboxylate group, to liberate a fluorophore with the second time rapid reaction kinetics. Interestingly, the auto-cleavage reaction of trimethyl carbamate was also induced by
The preparation of a number of polypeptides whose sequences are found in the actinomycin D molecule is described. The 4-methyl-3-hydroxyanthranoyl derivatives cf these peptides were also prepared as possible substrates for an enzyme that forms the phenoxazinone system of the antibiotic.
描述了其序列在放线菌素 D 分子中发现的许多多肽的制备。这些肽的 4-甲基-3-羟基蒽酰基衍生物也被制备为可能的酶底物,酶形成抗生素的吩恶嗪酮系统。
Hydroxy substituted ureido amino and imino acids
申请人:E. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc.
公开号:US04604402A1
公开(公告)日:1986-08-05
Compounds of the formula ##STR1## are disclosed. These compounds are useful as hypotensive agents due to their angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity and depending upon the definition of X may also be useful as analgesics due to their enkephalinase inhibition activity.
Highly Efficient Synthesis of Sterically Hindered Peptides Containing N-Methylated Amino Acid Residues using a Novel 1H-Benzimidazolium Salt
作者:Peng Li、Jie Cheng Xu
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00963-7
日期:2000.12
Novel 1H-benzimidazolium type peptide coupling reagent, CMBI, was designed, synthesized, and shown to be efficient in the promotion of the formation of sterically hindered amide and ester bonds. Its high efficiency was proved by model reaction tests and the successful synthesis of various hindered oligopeptides and peptide segments containing N-methyl amino acidresidues with fast reaction speeds, low
A short synthesis of enantiomerically pure (2S,3R,4R,6E)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-(methylamino)-6-octenoic acid, the unusual C9 amino acid found in the immunosuppressive peptide cyclosporine
作者:Johannes D. Aebi、Madhup K. Dhaon、Daniel H. Rich