Toluene-2,6-diisocyanate is a liquid. Used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams, elastomers, and coatings; crosslinking agent for nylon 6. (EPA, 1998)
颜色/状态:
Colorless to yellow liquid ... turns pale yellow on exposure to air
气味:
Pungent
溶解度:
Reaction (NTP, 1992)
蒸汽密度:
6
蒸汽压力:
VP: 0.5 mm Hg at 25 °C /80% 2,4:20% 2,6/
分解:
When heated to decomposition, it emits highly toxic fumes of ... /nitrogen oxides/.
聚合:
Polymerization: Slow, not hazardous, above 113 °F; Liquid-water interfacial tension: (est) 45 dynes/cm= 0.045 N/m at 25 °C /2,4-Toluene diisocyanate/
气味阈值:
Odor Threshold Low: 0.05 [mmHg]; Odor threshold = 50 ppb with about 1/2 of volunteers detecting and identifying the material at 400 ppb
折光率:
Index of refraction: 1.5708 at 20 °C/D
稳定性/保质期:
Stability reacts violently with water and reacts very rapidly with compounds containing active hydrogen, such as amines, alcohols, and acids. It polymerizes quickly in the presence of bases. Stability is combustible and incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Subjects exposed to 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI in a test chamber (5.5 ppb for 7.5 hours) had the corresponding amines in plasma and urine - identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after hydrolysis. Elimination from plasma was slow. Elimination in urine had a slow and a fast phase, the latter with a biological half time of one to two hours. Two persons were exposed to three concentrations in the range 3.4-9.7 ppb for 4 hours, and there was a correlation between TDI levels in air and TDA levels in plasma. Elimination from plasma had two phases. The biological half time was two to five hours for the fast phase and more than six days for the slow phase.
Cyanide is rapidly alsorbed through oral, inhalation, and dermal routes and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L96)
Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)
Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of toluene diisocyanates in humans. There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of toluene diisocyanates in experimental animals. Overall evaluation: Toluene diisocyanates are possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). /Toluene diisocyanates/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
甲苯二异氰酸酯:有合理预期对人来说是致癌物。
Toluene Diisocyanates: Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens. /Toluene Diisocyanates/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
A4:无法归类为人类致癌物。/甲苯-2,4-或2,6-二异氰酸酯(或作为混合物)/
A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Toluene-2,4- or 2,6-diisocyanate (or as a mixture)/
/(14)C-2, 6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI)/ urinary excretion /was/ 5 % at 900 mg/kg ... /and/ 12 % at 60 mg/kg. Half /of (14)C /at 60 mg/kg /consisted of/ 2,6-bis(acetylamino)toluene. 14C-fecal excretion /was/ 20-50 % at 900 mg/kg, 55-65 % at 60 mg/kg. 14C-tissue concentrations /were/ highest in blood, liver, kidney and stomach at 900 mg/kg and in blood and kidney at 60 mg/kg... /The study suggests/ that at lower doses 2, 6-TDI /are/ hydrolyzed in stomach then absorbed and acetylated prior to urinary excretion.
Most 2,6-TDI derived materials were excreted in feces or were found in the GI tract 72 hrs after dosing. Excretion in breath was insignificant. Approx 2.5 times as much 2,6-TDI derived materials were excreted in urine after a 60 mg/kg oral dose (12%) than after a 900 mg/kg dose (5%). More than half of the xenobiotic related material excreted in urine was 2,6-bis(acetylamino)toluene. Increased urinary excretion of metabolites of 2,6-TDI with decreasing dosage is consistent with the lower concn of 2,6-TDI in the stomach permitting increasing amounts of the 2,6-TDI to be hydrolyzed completely to monomeric 2,6-diaminotoluene rather than forming polymers. The 2,6-diaminotoluene could then be absorbed, acetylated, & excreted in urine. 2,6-TDI derived materials were not concentrated in any tissues.
When (14)C-2,6-TDI was given orally to rats in corn oil, most of the compound formed polymers in the GI tract. At doses of 900 mg/kg bw, the insoluble polyureas usually lined the stomach, slowing down or preventing the migration of stomach contents into the intestine. At a 60 mg/kg dose level, these results were not observed. Most 2,6-TDI-derived materials were eliminated in the feces or were found in the GI tract 72 hr after dosing. Approx 12% of the low dose (60 mg/kg bw) and only 5% of the high dose (900 mg/kg bw) were excreted in the urine (24 hr after treatment). Increased urinary excretion of 2,6-TDI metabolites with decreasing dosage was consistent with the lower concentration of the compound in the stomach permitting increasing amounts of the 2,6-TDI to be hydrolyzed completely to monomeric 2,6-diaminotoluene rather than forming polymers. The 2,6-diaminotoluene could than be absorbed, acetylated, and excreted in the urine. Materials derived from 2,6-TDI were not concentrated in any tissue.
The toxicokinetics of 2,4- and 2,6-toluenediisocyanates in 11 chronically exposed workers at two flexible foam polyurethane production plants have been reported. The toluene diisocyanate, concentrations in air varied between 0.4 and 4 ug/cu m in one plant and in the other between 10 and 120 ug/cu m. In one of the plants, the plasma 2,4-toluene diamine levels were 0.4-1 ug/mL before a 4-5 week holiday and 0.2-0.5 ug/mL afterwards. The corresponding plasma levels of 2,6-toluene diamine were 2-6 and 0.5-2 ug/mL, respectively. In the other plant, the plasma 2,4 toluene diamine concentrations were 2-23 ng/mL before the holiday and 0.5-6 ng/mL afterwards and those of 2,6-toluene diamine were 7-24 ng/mL before and 3-6 ng/mL afterwards. The plasma concentrations of 2,4-toluene diamine were, 2-24 ng/mL before a 12 day holiday, and 1-14 ng/mL afterwards. The corresponding values for plasma 2,6-toluene diamine were 12-29 and 8-17 ng/mL, respectively. The urinary elimination rates for 2,4-toluene diamine before the, holiday were 0.04-0.54 and 0.02-0.18 ug/hr afterwards. The corresponding values for 2,6-toluene diamine were 0.18-0.76 ug/hr before and 0.09-0.27 ug/hr after the holiday. The half life in urine ranged from 5.8 to 11 days for 2,4 and 2,6 toluene diamines. The differences in exposure were reflected by the plasma toluene diamine concentrations. The mean half life in plasma was 21 (range, 14-34) days for 2,4-toluene diamine and 21 (16-26) days for 2,6-toluene diamine, The study showed that the half life in plasma of chronically exposed workers for 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diamine was twice as long as for volunteers with short term exposure. An indication of a two phase elimination pattern in urine was found. The first phase was related to the more recent exposure and the second, much slower one was probably related to release of toluene diamines in urine from toluene diisocyanate adducts in the body.
Two men were exposed to toluene diisocyanate atmospheres at 3 different air concentrations (ca 25, 50 & 70 ug/cu m). The toluene diisocyanate atmospheres were generated by a gas-phase permeation method, & the exposures were performed in an 8-cu m stainless-steel test chamber. The effective exposure period was 4 hr. The isomeric composition of the air in the test chamber was 30% 2,4-toluene diisocyanate & 70% 2,6-toluene diisocyanate. The concentration of toluene diisocyanate in air of the test chamber was determined by an HPLC method using the 9-(N-methyl-amino-methyl)-anthracene reagent & by a continuous-monitoring filter-tape instrument. Following the hydrolysis of plasma & urine, the related amines, 2,4-toluenediamine & 2,6-toluenediamine, were determined as pentafluoropropionic anhydride derivatives by capillary gas chromatography using selected ion monitoring in the electron impact mode. In plasma, 2,4- & 2,6-toluenediamine showed a rapid-phase elimination half-time of ca 2-5 hr, & that for the slow phase was >6 days. A connection was observed between concn of 2,4- & 2,6-toluene diisocyanate in air & the levels of 2,4- & 2,6-toluenediamine in plasma. The cumulated amount of 2,4-toluenediamine excreted in the urine over 24 hr was ca 15%-19% of the estimated inhaled dose of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, & that of 2,6-toluenediamine was ca 17%-23% of the inhaled dose of 2,6-toluene diisocyanate. A connection was found between the cumulated (24 hr) urinary excretion of 2,4- & 2,6-toluenediamine & the air concentratio of 2,4- & 2,6-toluene diisocyanate in the test chamber.
[EN] DERIVATIVES OF AMANITA TOXINS AND THEIR CONJUGATION TO A CELL BINDING MOLECULE<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE TOXINES D'AMANITES ET LEUR CONJUGAISON À UNE MOLÉCULE DE LIAISON CELLULAIRE
申请人:HANGZHOU DAC BIOTECH CO LTD
公开号:WO2017046658A1
公开(公告)日:2017-03-23
Derivatives of Amernita toxins of Formula (I), wherein, formula (a) R 1, R 2, R 3, R 4, R 5, R 6, R 7, R 8, R 9, R 10, X, L, m, n and Q are defined herein. The preparation of the derivatives. The therapeutic use of the derivatives in the targeted treatment of cancers, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases.
[EN] ANTIBODY-DRUG-CONJUGATE AND ITS USE FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER<br/>[FR] CONJUGUÉ ANTICORPS-MÉDICAMENT ET SON UTILISATION POUR LE TRAITEMENT DU CANCER
申请人:PF MEDICAMENT
公开号:WO2015162293A1
公开(公告)日:2015-10-29
The present invention relates to an antibody-drug-conjugate. From one aspect, the invention relates to an antibody-drug-conjugate comprising an antibody capable of binding to a Target, said antibody being conjugated to at least one drug selected from derivatives of dolastatin 10 and auristatins. The invention also comprises method of treatment and the use of said antibody-drug-conjugate for the treatment of cancer.
CONJUGATE OF MONOMETHYL AURISTATIN F AND TRASTUZUMAB AND ITS USE FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER
申请人:Pierre Fabre Medicament
公开号:US20170112943A1
公开(公告)日:2017-04-27
The present invention relates to an antibody-drug-conjugate or pharmaceutical composition comprising the same. From one aspect, the invention relates to an antibody-drug-conjugate (ADC) comprising an antibody consisting of the Trastuzumab or a biosimilar thereof, said antibody being conjugated to at least one drug consisting of a monomethyl auristatin F derivative. The invention also comprises method of treatment of cancer comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of said antibody-drug-conjugate or composition comprising the same.
[EN] COMPOSITION FOR THE TREATMENT OF IGF-1R EXPRESSING CANCER<br/>[FR] COMPOSITION POUR LE TRAITEMENT D'UN CANCER EXPRIMANT IGF-1R
申请人:PF MEDICAMENT
公开号:WO2017072196A1
公开(公告)日:2017-05-04
The present invention relates to a method for the treatment of IGF-IR expressing cancers as well as to a compositions and a kit for said traitment. From one aspect, the invention reates to the combined use of a first antibody for the determination of the IGF-IR status of a cancer and a second antibody used as an ADC for the treatment of said cancer.
Processes comprising providing an amine reactant, and reacting the amine reactant with a stream of phosgene in a reaction zone to form a product comprising a corresponding isocyanate, wherein the phosgene stream has a CO content of 0.5% by weight or more.