Imidazolium Cations with Exceptional Alkaline Stability: A Systematic Study of Structure–Stability Relationships
摘要:
Highly base-stable cationic moieties are a critical component of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) in alkaline fuel cells (AFCs); however, the commonly employed organic cations have limited alkaline stability. To address this problem, we synthesized and characterized the stability of a series of imidazolium cations in 1, 2, or 5 M KOH/CD3OH at 80 degrees C, systematically evaluating the impact of substitution on chemical stability. The substituent identity at each position of the imidazolium ring has a dramatic effect on the overall cation stability. We report imidazolium cations that have the highest alkaline stabilities reported to date, >99% cation remaining after 30 days in 5 M KOH/CD3OH at 80 degrees C.
Doubly radical: A novel entry to α,n‐didehydrotoluene (DHT) diradicals is disclosed and proceeds through the photochemical activation of (chlorobenzyl)trimethylsilanes with chloride loss and elimination of the SiMe3+ group (see scheme). The products formed in solution are indicative of the intermediacy of the three isomers of the α,n‐DHT.
Degradation of Organic Cations under Alkaline Conditions
作者:Wei You、Kristina M. Hugar、Ryan C. Selhorst、Megan Treichel、Cheyenne R. Peltier、Kevin J. T. Noonan、Geoffrey W. Coates
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.0c02051
日期:2021.1.1
degradation mechanisms of organiccations under basic conditions is extremely important for the development of durable alkaline energy conversion devices. Cations are key functional groups in alkaline anion exchange membranes (AAEMs), and AAEMs are critical components to conduct hydroxide anions in alkaline fuel cells. Previously, we have established a standard protocol to evaluate cation alkaline stability
了解碱性条件下有机阳离子的降解机理对于开发耐用的碱性能量转换装置极为重要。阳离子是碱性阴离子交换膜(AAEM)中的关键官能团,而AAEM是在碱性燃料电池中传导氢氧根阴离子的关键组分。以前,我们已经建立了一个标准协议来评估KOH / CD 3中的阳离子碱稳定性80°C下的OH溶液。在这里,我们使用该协议比较26种模型化合物,包括苄基铵,四烷基铵,螺环铵,咪唑鎓,苯并咪唑鎓,三唑鎓,吡啶鎓,胍鎓和and阳离子。目的不仅是评估它们的降解速率,而且是确定它们的降解途径并导致具有改善的碱性稳定性的阳离子的发展。
Collision-induced loss of AgH from Ag<sup>+</sup>adducts of alkylamines, aminocarboxylic acids and alkyl benzyl ethers leads exclusively to thermodynamically favored product ions
α‐methylene group carrying the nitrogen function (formation of an immonium ion). In all cases examined, the most stable, i.e. the thermodynamically favored product ion is formed. In the AgH loss process, a large isotope effect operates discriminating against the loss of D. The [M + Ag]+ ion of benzyl methyl ether loses a hydride ion exclusively from the benzylic methylene group supporting the experimental
Photolysis of methanolic solutions of benzyl acetate
作者:E. D. Skakovskii、S. V. Rykov、L. Yu. Tychinskaya、V. L. Murashko、M. M. Ogorodnikova、G. S. Avrinskii、S. A. Lamotkin
DOI:10.1007/bf00698496
日期:1995.4
Photolysis of solutions of benzylacetate in CD3OD has been studied. As has been established based on the effects of CIDNP and the yields of products, decomposition of the starting compound occurs from both excited singlet and triplet electronic states. The contributions of homolysis and solvolysis to the overall photochemical process have been measured, and the lifetimes of the acetoxy radicals formed
Phosphonium-Functionalized Polyethylene: A New Class of Base-Stable Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes
作者:Kevin J. T. Noonan、Kristina M. Hugar、Henry A. Kostalik、Emil B. Lobkovsky、Héctor D. Abruña、Geoffrey W. Coates
DOI:10.1021/ja307466s
日期:2012.11.7
A tetrakis(dialkylamino)phosphonium cation was evaluated as a functional group for alkaline anion exchange membranes (AAEMs). The base stability of [P(N(Me)Cy)(4)](+) was directly compared to that of [BnNMe3](+) in 1 M NaOD/CD3OD. The high base stability of [P(N(Me)Cy)(4)](+) relative to [BnNMe3](+) inspired the preparation of AAEM materials composed of phosphonium units attached to polyethylene. The AAEMs (hydroxide conductivity of 22 +/- 1 mS cm(-1) at 22 degrees C) were prepared using ring-opening metathesis polymerization, and their stabilities were evaluated in 15 M KOH at 22 degrees C and in 1 M KOH at 80 degrees C.