A process for the preparation of a polymer nanoparticle by a photoinduced emulsion polymerization includes preparing an emulsion comprising at least one surfactant, a dispersed phase and a continuous phase. The dispersed phase comprises at least one polymerizable monomer and the continuous phase comprises water and at least one photoinitiator. The at least one polymerizable monomer is polymerized by exposing the emulsion to an electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength so as to induce a generation of radicals from the at least one photoinitiator. The at least one photoinitiator is selected from at least one compound of formula (I)
BISACYLPHOSPHANES AND THEIR USE AS PHOTOINITIATORS; PROCESS FOR PREPARING ACYLPHOSPHANES
申请人:BASF SE
公开号:EP1814891B1
公开(公告)日:2011-01-26
Process for Preparing Acylphosphanes and Derivatives Thereof
申请人:Murer Peter
公开号:US20080004464A1
公开(公告)日:2008-01-03
The invention relates to a process for the preparation of (bis)acylphosphanes of formula I, wherein n and m are each independently of the other 1 or 2; R1 if n=1, is e.g. unsubstituted or substituted C
1
-C
18
alkyl or C
2
-C
18
alkenyl, or phenyl, R1 if n=2, is e.g. a divalent radical of the monovalent radical defined above; R2 is e.g. C
1
-C
18
alkyl, C
3
-C
12
cycloalkyl, C
2
-C
18
alkenyl, mesityl, phenyl, naphthyl; R3 is one of the radicals defined under R
1
; the process comprises the steps a) contacting e.g. elemental phosphorous [P]∞, P(Hal)
3
with a reducing metal optionally in the presence of a catalyst or an activator in a solvent to obtain metal phosphides Me
3
P or Me′
3
P
2
, wherein Me is an alkali metal and Me′ is an earth alkali metal or to obtain metal polyphosphides b) optionally adding a proton source, optionally in the presence of a catalyst or an activator to obtain metal dihydrogen phosphides MePH
2
; c) subsequent acylation reaction with m acid halides of formula III or m carboxylic acid esters of formula IV or, in case that in formula I m=1, with one carboxylic ester of formula IV followed by one acid halide of formula III or vice versa, wherein R is the residue of an alcohol and R
2
is as defined above; d) alkylation reaction subsequent reaction with an electrophilic agent R
1
Hal or other electrophilic agents to obtain the compounds of formula I. An oxidation step may follow to obtain mono- and bisacylphosphane oxides or mono- and bisacylphosphane sulfides, which are used as photoinitiators.