Mass spectrometry was used to quantify NP and metabolites in serum and endocrine-responsive tissues from dietary exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats. Tissue accumulation of NP aglycone was observed despite the predominance of glucuronidation in blood.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Nonylphenol (NP) is a pale-yellow, viscous liquid. it is used as nonionic surfactant (nonbiodegradable), lubricating-oil additives, stabilizers, petroleum demulsifiers, fungicides, antioxidants for plastics and rubber. NP is also used as a heat stabilizer to protect polymers with repeating units of chlorine or bromine against heat or UV degradation. Nonylphenol is used to produce tris(4-nonyl-phenyl) phosphite (TNPP). TNPP is also used as a stabilizer in plastic food packaging. Although it does contain residual nonylphenol, TNPP has been approved for this use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). FDA also lists nonylphenol as an indirect food contact substance. Barium and calcium salts of nonylphenol are used as heat stabilizers for poly vinyl chloride (PVC). Nonylphenol is also used as a catalytic diluent in epoxy resins. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: NP appears to increases the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease by promoting or prolonging adverse progression of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. NP is an estrogenic compound that alters pS2, MUC1 and ER gene expression in MCF-7 cells. ANIMAL STUDIES: Nonylphenol caused a skin sensitization reaction in 18 of 20 animals dosed. Nonylphenol, mixed isomers have been tested externally on the eyes of rabbits, and according to the degree of injury observed after 24 hr, have been rated on a scale of 1 to 10 (the most severely injurious substances have been rated 10), a 10. In another study, rats were exposed to 200, 650, or 2,000 ppm NP in their diet for 3 months. The treatment caused a small decr in BW and food consumption in the 2,000 ppm dose group. No treatment-related clinical or histopathological changes, including effects on endocrine organs, estrous cycling, or sperm measurements were noted up to 2,000 ppm exposure. NP is a male and female reproductive toxicant in rats at concentrations equal to or greater than 650 ppm based on decreased epididymal sperm density and testicular spermatid head counts in males, and increased estrous cycle length and decreased ovarian weights observed in females. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: NP is classified among the endocrine disruptor chemicals with estrogen-like properties. It is widely used in many industries and to dilute pesticides in agriculture, and is known to affect the reproductive system of many aquatic and semi-aquatic organisms. NP has a dose-independent potential of feminization of the male gonad, called ovotestis, developed in the left testis in all nonylphenol- groups in the Japanese quail embryo. Exposure to high environmentally relevant concentrations of NP can affect molecular endpoints related to reproduction in the copper redhorse. Lab toxicity studies indicated that the most sensitive organism to nonylphenol was Daphnia pulex followed by rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri) embryos and juveniles. NP-induced oxidative stress could damage the chorion of unfertilized eggs and lead to a decline in gamete quality in female Chinese rare minnow. The nonylphenol did not affect honeybee populations.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
副作用
Dermatotoxin - 皮肤烧伤。
Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
The aim of this study was to assess the toxicological risks arising from the coexistence of polyethylene glycol coated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs-PEG) and a known environmental contaminant: 4-nonylphenol (NP). To this end, in vitro toxicity assays involving the exposure of 3T3-L1 cells (mouse embryonic fibroblasts) to SWCNTs-PEG alone or in combination with NP for 24 or 48 h were performed. Experimental treatments were conducted in both presence (10%) and absence of serum in order to evaluate its influence on the toxicity of SWCNTs-PEG. Although the results provided no unambiguous evidences of synergistic toxicity between SWCNTs-PEG and NP, some specific treatments with mixtures (SWCNTs-PEG+NP) resulted in an unexpected combined toxicity in relation to the individual treatments. Only in those cases the interaction between SWCNTs-PEG and NP could have a synergistic effect on the resulting toxicity. The addition of 10% serum increased the stability of SWCNTs-PEG in the culture medium-possibly by steric repulsions-and reduced the toxicity of nanoparticles as a result. Overall, the serum had a "protective effect" on cells against all treatments: SWCNTs-PEG, NP or their mixtures (SWCNTs-PEG+NP). Raman spectroscopy allowed the intracellular distribution of SWCNTs-PEG to be elucidated.
This study investigated the effects that 4-nonylphenol (NP) has on CYP1A1 expression in Hepa-1c1c7 cell cultures. NP alone did not affect CYP1A1-specific 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity. In contrast, the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-inducible EROD activities were markedly reduced upon concomitant treatment with TCDD and NP in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with tamoxifen, an anti-estrogen that acts through the estrogen receptor, did not affect the suppressive effects that NP has on TCDD-inducible EROD activity. The TCDD-inducible CYP1A1 mRNA levels were markedly suppressed upon concomitant treatment with TCDD and NP that is consistent with their effects on EROD activity. A transient transfection assay using dioxin-response element (DRE)-linked luciferase and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that NP reduced the transformation of the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor to a form capable of binding specifically to the DRE sequence of the CYP1A1 gene promoter. These results suggest that the down-regulation of CYP1A1 gene expression by NP in Hepa-1c1c7 cells might be an antagonism of the DRE-binding potential of the nuclear Ah receptor, but is not mediated through the estradiol receptor.
Call for medical aid. LIQUID Will burn skin and eyes. Harmful if swallowed. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Flush affected areas with plenty of water. IF IN EYES, hold eyelids open, and flush with plenty of water. ...
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
大约只有1%的口服剂量进入血液循环。
Only about 1% of the oral dose entered circulation.
Mass spectrometry was used to quantify NP and metabolites in serum and endocrine-responsive tissues from dietary exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats. Tissue accumulation of NP aglycone was observed despite the predominance of glucuronidation in blood. Serum toxicokinetics of total NP, measured following gavage administration, showed rapid absorption and elimination (average half-times 0.8 and 3.5 h, respectively). NP was similarly administered by gavage to pregnant dams and total and aglycone NP were measured in dam serum and fetuses to show placental transfer into serum and brain.
...juvenile salmon...were exposed in vivo to waterborne [3H]-4-n-NP for a period up to 72 h or were administered a single oral dose of [3H]-4-n-NP. In vitro biotransformation of NP was studied by exposure of cultured salmon hepatocytes to [3H]-4-n-NP in the presence or absence of a CYP1A-inducer, -naphthoflavone (NF). Our results show that 4-n-NP was mainly metabolized in vivo, to its corresponding glucuronide conjugates and hydroxylates. The major route of excretion was the bile. The half-life of residues in carcass and muscle was between 24 and 48 h in both waterborne and dietary exposure. In whole body autoradiography, intragastric administered [3H]-4-n-NP was mainly present in the gastrointestinal tract and bile. NP-derived radioactivity in fish exposed via water was more evenly distributed in the organs compared to intragastric exposure and were observed in the intestinal contents, liver, kidney, gills, skin, abdominal fat and brain. In vitro pretreatment of hepatocytes with NF had no effect on rates or patterns of NP biotransformation. The in vitro metabolic rate of NP were 118 pmol NP metabolized/h/0.5x106 cells without NF, and 98 pmol NP metabolized/h/0.5x106 cells when NF was added to the culture medium./4-nonylphenol/
In this study, the pharmacokinetic behavior of 4-nonylphenol (NP) was investigated in human volunteers...Bioavailability after oral application (determined by oral and intravenous AUCs) was about 20%. NP seems to distribute into the lipid phase of the body within 2 h.
AbstractTo study the relationship between structure and properties of members of the lipidic thiobis phenol series, as extreme pressure additives in lubricants, a series of homologous compounds has been synthesised by the reaction of alkylphenols with sulphur dichloride. The isomeric n‐nonylphenols have been reacted to form the C9 isomeric 2,2′‐and 4,4′‐thiobisphenols. Longer alkyl side‐chains resulted mainly in the formation of 4,4′‐thiobisphenols and some of the 2,2′ isomer. With short alkyl, particularly t‐alkyl side‐chains, steric hindrance resulted in the 2,2′‐compound. Additive studies have indicated that the longer chain 4,4′ compounds possessed antioxidant properties comparable and superior to former commercial branched chain 2,2′ compounds produced from petrochemical intermediates.
1. In in vitro assays, nonylphenol (NP) inhibited microsomal 5 alpha-reductase and steroid hydroxylase activities from the liver of dexamethasone-treated rats. The inhibition was specific in that 6 beta-hydroxylase was affected the most followed by 16 alpha-hydroxylase. The activity of 17 alpha-hydroxylase remained unchanged.2. Enzyme kinetic analyses (Lineweaver-Burke plots) using different NP concentrations with graded increases in the concentrations of the substrate, progesterone, showed that the inhibition was of a mixed competitive and non-competitive type.3. In in omo studies, treatment of rats with NP resulted in a dose dependent increase in the hepatic microsomal progesterone hydroxylase activity and CYP3A protein as measured by Western blot analysis.4. The mixed competitive and non-competitive nature of inhibition by NP on hepatic microsomal progesterone hydroxylase activity indirectly suggests that this compound may behave as a partial substrate of the CYP3A enzyme. More importantly, nonylphenol induces the expression of rat hepatic CYP3A which may then affect its own metabolism and that of other steroid substrates.
[EN] ACC INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE L'ACC ET UTILISATIONS ASSOCIÉES
申请人：GILEAD APOLLO LLC
公开号：WO2017075056A1
公开（公告）日：2017-05-04
The present invention provides compounds I and II useful as inhibitors of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.
[EN] 3-[(HYDRAZONO)METHYL]-N-(TETRAZOL-5-YL)-BENZAMIDE AND 3-[(HYDRAZONO)METHYL]-N-(1,3,4-OXADIAZOL-2-YL)-BENZAMIDE DERIVATIVES AS HERBICIDES<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE 3-[(HYDRAZONO))MÉTHYL]-N-(TÉTRAZOL-5-YL)-BENZAMIDE ET DE 3-[(HYDRAZONO)MÉTHYL]-N-(1,3,4-OXADIAZOL-2-YL)-BENZAMIDE UTILISÉS EN TANT QU'HERBICIDES
申请人：SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION AG
公开号：WO2021013969A1
公开（公告）日：2021-01-28
The present invention related to compounds of Formula (I): or an agronomically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Q, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as described herein. The invention further relates to compositions comprising said compounds, to methods of controlling weeds using said compositions, and to the use of compounds of Formula (I) as a herbicide.
HERBICIDAL AND FUNGICIDAL 5-OXY-SUBSTITUTED 3-PHENYLISOXAZOLINE-5-CARBOXAMIDES AND 5-OXY-SUBSTITUTED 3-PHENYLISOXAZOLINE-5-THIOAMIDES
申请人：BAYER CROPSCIENCE AG
公开号：US20150245616A1
公开（公告）日：2015-09-03
Herbicidally and fungicidally active 5-oxy-substituted 3-phenylisoxazoline-5-carboxamides and 5-oxy-substituted 3-phenylisoxazoline-5-thioamides of the formula (I) are described.
In this formula (I), X, X
2
to X
6
, R
1
to R
4
are radicals such as hydrogen, halogen and organic radicals such as substituted alkyl. A is a bond or a divalent unit. Y is a chalcogen.
The present invention relates to a series of novel compounds and derivatives thereof, methods to prevent or treat viral infections by using the novel compounds, processes for their preparation, their use to treat or prevent viral infections and their use to manufacture a medicine to treat or prevent viral infections, preferably infections with viruses belonging to the family of the Togaviridae and more preferably infections with chikungunya virus (CHIKV).
