Lysine–spermine conjugates: hydrophobic polyamine amides as potent lipopolysaccharide sequestrants
摘要:
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), otherwise termed `endotoxins' are outer-membrane constituents of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides play a key role in the pathogenesis of `Septic Shock', a major cause of mortality in the critically ill patient. Therapeutic options aimed at limiting downstream systemic inflammatory processes by targeting lipopolysaccharide do not exist at the present time. We have defined the pharmacophore necessary for small molecules to specifically bind and neutralize LPS and, using animal models of sepsis, have shown that the sequestration of circulatory LPS by small molecules is a therapeutically viable strategy. In this paper, the interactions of a focused library of lysine-spermine conjugates with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been characterized. Lysine-spermine conjugates with the epsilon-amino terminus of the lysinyl moiety derivatized with long-chain aliphatic hydrophobic substituents in acyl or alkyl linkage bind and neutralize bacterial lipopolysaccharides, and may be of use in the prevention or treatment of endotoxic shock states. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Amino acids and peptides. XXVIII. Synthesis of peptide fragments related to eglin c and studies on the relationship between their structure and effects on human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G and .ALPHA.-chymotrypsin.
Various peptide fragments related to eglin c, which consists of 70 amino acid residues, were synthesized by a conventional solution method and their inhibitory effects on leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G and α-chymotrypsin were examined. Among them, H-Arg-Glu-Tyr-Phe-OMe (eglin c 22-25) and H-Ser-Pro-Val-Thr-Leu-Asp-Leu-Arg-Tyr-OMe (eglin c 41-49) inhibited cathepsin G and α-chymotrypsin but not leukocyte elastase, while H-Thr-Asn-Val-Val-OMe (eglin c 60-63) inhibited leukocyte elastase but not cathepsin G or α-chymotrypsin, although eglin c potently inhibited leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G and α-chymotrypsin. These results indicated that the interaction sites of eglin c with leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G and α-chymotrypsin might be different.
采用常规的溶液法合成了与来自家蚕血淋巴的抗蛋白酶eglin c(由70个氨基酸残基构成)相关的各种肽片段,并检验了它们对白细胞弹性蛋白酶、组织蛋白酶G和α-胰凝乳蛋白酶的抑制效应。其中,H-Arg-Glu-Tyr-Phe-OMe(eglin c 22-25)和H-Ser-Pro-Val-Thr-Leu-Asp-Leu-Arg-Tyr-OMe(eglin c 41-49)能抑制组织蛋白酶G和α-胰凝乳蛋白酶,但不能抑制白细胞弹性蛋白酶,而H-Thr-Asn-Val-Val-OMe(eglin c 60-63)能抑制白细胞弹性蛋白酶,但不能抑制组织蛋白酶G或α-胰凝乳蛋白酶,尽管eglin c对白细胞弹性蛋白酶、组织蛋白酶G和α-胰凝乳蛋白酶都具有强抑制作用。这些结果提示,eglin c与白细胞弹性蛋白酶、组织蛋白酶G和α-胰凝乳蛋白酶的相互作用部位可能各不相同。
NEUROKININ α AND β, SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Two novel neuropeptides, neurokinin α and β, isolated from porcine spinal cord were chemically synthesized by solution method. The amino acid sequences proposed were confirmed to be correct and pharmacological properties of neurokinin peptides were studied.
Amino Acids and Peptides. XXXIV. Synthesis of Mouse Metallothionein I.(1). Synthesis of Dotriacontapeptide Corresponding to C-Terminal Sequence 30-61 (.ALPHA.-Fragment) of Mouse Metallothionein I and Related Peptides and Examination of Their Heavy Metal-Binding Properties.
The dotriacontapeptide corresponding to the C-terminal sequence of mouse metallothionein (MT) I and related peptides which contain Cys-X-Cys-Cys (X : amino acid residue except for Cys) sequence were synthesized by the conventional solution method employing the HF deprotection method and their heavy metals (Cd2+, Cu2+ and Cu+)-binding properties were examined.
合成了对应于小鼠金属硫蛋白 (MT) I C末端序列的三十二肽及相关肽,这些肽包含Cys-X-Cys-Cys(X:除Cys外的氨基酸残基)序列,采用传统溶液法结合HF去保护法,并对它们与重金属(Cd2+、Cu2+和Cu+)的结合特性进行了研究。
A Simple Synthesis of Imide-Dipeptides
作者:Chuanlang Zhan、Jiannian Yao、Damei Ke、Xiao Li、Alexander Li
DOI:10.1055/s-0029-1217167
日期:——
We report a simple approach to synthesize a new class of imide-dipeptides. This approach is mild, and the starting materials are the easily accessible amino acid derivatives. The imide-dipeptides were synthesized from the coupling of an amide and a 4-nitrophenyl activating ester of an amino acid. The acidic proton of the first amide was removed by 1 equivalent of n-butyl lithium to afford the corresponding amide anion which then reacted with the activating ester to give the desired imide derivatives.
Amino Acids and Peptides. XXXV. Synthesis of Mouse Metallothionein I.(2). Synthesis of a Nonacosapeptide Corresponding to N-Terminal Sequence 1-29(.BETA.-Fragment) of Mouse Metallothionein I and Related Petides and Examination of Their Heavy Metal-Binding Properties.
A nonacosapeptide corresponding to the N-terminalsequence 1-29 (beta-fragment) of mouse metallothionein I and related peptides were synthesized by the conventional solution method and their heavy metals (Cu2+, Cu+ and Cd2+)-binding properties were examined. The Cu(2+)- or Cu(+)-binding activities of various peptides were not greatly dependent on the peptide structure, so far as examined, as in the