Hypoxia-Selective Agents Derived from Quinoxaline 1,4-Di-N-oxides
摘要:
Hypoxic cells, which are a common feature of solid tumors, but not normal tissues, are resistant to both anticancer drugs and radiation therapy. Thus the identification of drugs with selective toxicity toward hypoxic cells is an important objective in anticancer chemotherapy. The benzotriazine di-N-oxide (SR 4233, Tirapazamine) has been shown to be an efficient and selective cytotoxin for hypoxic cells. Since the bioreductive activation of Tirapazamine is thought to be due to the presence of the 1,4-di-N-oxide moiety, a series of 3-aminoquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-di-N-oxides with a range of electron-donating and -withdrawing substituents in the 6- and/or 7- positions has been synthesized and evaluated for toxicity to hypoxic cells. Electrochemical studies of the quinoxaline di-N-oxides and Tirapazamine showed that as the electron-withdrawing nature of the 6(7)-substituent increases, the reduction potential becomes more positive and the compound is more readily reduced. Apart from the unsubstituted 6a and the 6,7-dimethyl derivative 6c, the quinoxaline di-N-oxides have reduction potentials significantly more positive than Tirapazamine (E(pc)-0.90 V). The most potent cytotoxins to cells in culture were the 6,7,-dichloro and 6,7-difluoro derivatives 6i and 6l, which were 30-fold more potent than Tirapazamine. The 6(7)-fluoro and 6(7)-chloro compounds, 6e and 6h, showed the greatest hypoxia selectivity. Four of the compounds, 6e, 6f, 6h and 6i, killed the inner cells of multicellular tumor spheroids in vitro. In vivo Balb/c mice tolerated a dose of these four compounds twice the size of that of Tirapazamine. This study demonstrates that quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides could provide useful hypoxia-selective therapeutic agents.
Formation of phospholimine and novel preparation of benzofurazans by thermolytic rearrangement of N-(o-nitroaryl)-1,2,5-triphenylphospholimines
作者:J. I. G. Cadogan、R. Gee、R. J. Scott
DOI:10.1039/c3972001242a
日期:——
5-triphenylphosphole with aryl-, arylsulphonyl-, methylsulphonyl-, ethoxycarbonyl-, and diphenylphosphinyl-azides readily give the novel 1,2,5-triphenylphospholimines (I; X = Ar, ArSO2, MeSO2, EtO2C, Ph2PO) which are thermally stable except for N-o-nitroaryl derivatives, e.g.(III), which give benzofurazans and 1,2,5-triphenylphosphole oxide, a reaction which does not occur with the corresponding P-triphenyl-or P-trithoxy-derivatives
1,2,5-三苯基膦与芳基-,芳基磺酰基-,甲基磺酰基-,乙氧基羰基-和二苯基次膦酰基叠氮化物的反应轻松获得了新的1,2,5-三苯基膦酰亚胺(I; X = Ar,ArSO 2,MeSO 2,环氧乙烷2 C,博士2 PO)具有热除了稳定ñ - ö -nitroaryl衍生物,例如(III),这给benzofurazans和1,2,5- triphenylphosphole氧化物,其不与所述相应发生反应P -三苯基-或P -trithoxy衍生物[PH 3 P = NAR或(ETO)3 P = NAR]。
The reactivity of organophosphorus compounds. Part XXX. Iminophospholes and a new synthesis of benzofurazans via intramolecular rearrangement of 1-o-nitroarylimino-1,2,5-triphenylphospholes
作者:J. I. G. Cadogan、Robert J. Scott、Robert D. Gee、Ian Gosney
DOI:10.1039/p19740001694
日期:——
1-aroylimino-1,2,5-triphenylphospholes (2; X = PhCO and p-NO2·C6H4CO), but these decomposed at this temperature to give the corresponding aryl cyanides and the phosphole oxide. The use of copper-bronze reduced the decomposition point of the dioxazolidin-2-ones sufficiently for the iminophospholes to be isolated. Base catalysed decomposition of ethyl N-(p-nitrophenylsulphonyloxy)carbamate (4) in the presence of
已经合成了一系列的N-取代的1-亚氨基-1,2,5-三苯基磷(2)。芳基,甲磺酰基,芳基磺酰基,乙氧基羰基,苯氧基羰基和二苯基次膦酰基叠氮化物与1,2,5-三苯基膦的反应得到相应的N-取代的1-亚氨基膦[2; X = Ar,MeSO 2,ArSO 2,EtO 2 C,PhO 2 C和Ph 2 P(O)],通过非亚硝基苯路线的收率很高。甲苯磺酰磷(2; X =甲苯磺酰基)也是通过无水氯胺-T反应制得的。与磷脂。苯甲酰叠氮化物通过分解反应,然后进行库尔修斯重排反应,而不是与相对较弱的亲核性1,2,5-三苯基磷脂反应(参见Ph 3 P)。缺电子的4-硝基苯甲酰基和2,4-二硝基苯甲酰基叠氮化物给出相应的1-芳基氨基-1,2,5-三苯基磷[2; X = C 6 H ^ 4 NO 2 - p和2,4-(NO 2)2 C ^ 6 ħ 3在6和55%的产率分别]。在铜存在下的5,7-二甲基四唑并[1,5-
Organophosphorus-Catalysed Staudinger Reduction
作者:Henri A. van Kalkeren、Jorick J. Bruins、Floris P. J. T. Rutjes、Floris L. van Delft
DOI:10.1002/adsc.201100967
日期:2012.5.21
The first Staudingerreduction that is catalytic in phosphine has been developed, showing excellent yields and functional group selectivity. To this end we utilised dibenzophosphole catalysts and mild in situ reduction of the intermediate iminophosphoranes. We could avoid the necessity of water during the reduction, obtained no phosphine oxides as waste and thus enabled facile purification of the product
Discovery, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Group of Selective Inhibitors of Filoviral Entry
作者:Maria V. Yermolina、Jizhen Wang、Michael Caffrey、Lijun L. Rong、Duncan J. Wardrop
DOI:10.1021/jm1008715
日期:2011.2.10
Herein, we report the development of an antifiloviral screening system, based on a pseudotyping strategy, and its application in the discovery of a novel group of small molecules that selectivelyinhibit the Ebola and Marburg glycoprotein (GP)-mediated infection of human cells. Using Ebola Zaire GP-pseudotyped HIV particles bearing a luciferase reporter gene and 293T cells, a library of 237 small molecules
在此,我们报告了基于假型策略的抗丝病毒筛选系统的开发,及其在发现一组新的小分子中的应用,这些小分子选择性地抑制了埃博拉病毒和马尔堡糖蛋白 (GP) 介导的人类细胞感染。使用带有荧光素酶报告基因和 293T 细胞的 Ebola Zaire GP 假型 HIV 颗粒,筛选了 237 个小分子库以抑制 GP 介导的病毒进入。从该测定中,先导化合物8a被鉴定为丝状病毒进入的选择性抑制剂,IC 5030 μM。为了分析功效的官能团要求,然后使用“点击”化学制备的 56 种异恶唑和三唑衍生物对这种 3,5-二取代异恶唑进行结构-活性关系分析。该研究表明,虽然异恶唑环可以被三唑系统取代,但在8a 中发现的 5-(二乙氨基)乙酰胺取代基是抑制病毒细胞进入所必需的。3-芳基取代基的变化提供了许多更有效的抗病毒剂,IC 50值范围为2.5 μM。还发现先导化合物8a及其三种衍生物可阻断马尔堡糖蛋白 (GP) 介导的人类细胞感染。
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Ibuprofen‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐1,2,3‐triazole Hybrids
A new hybrid polydentate template comprising distinctive pharmacophoric groups, namely, ibuprofen, 1,3,4‐oxadiazole, and 1,2,3‐triazolelinked through a thioether bridge was achieved by one‐pot synthesis by exploring multicomponent Cu‐catalyzed “click chemistry” approach. The target structures were characterized by NMR, IR, and LC‐Mass. The X‐ray analysis of 2‐(1‐(4‐isobutylphenyl)ethyl)‐5‐(((1‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐1H‐1