Inhalation pharmacokinetics of dichlorofluoromethane (CFC 21) and chlorodifluoromethane (CFC 22) were studied in male Wistar rats by use of a closed inhalation chamber system. CFC 21 was readily eliminated via metabolism....
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Dichlorofluoromethane is a colorless heavy gas that is used as a refrigerant, solvent, propellant and heat-exchange fluid. It is also referred to as CFC-21 but has fewer uses than other chlorofluorocarbons. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Inhalation of dichlorofluoromethane can cause confusion, drowsiness, and unconsciousness; and direct contact with skin can cause frostbite. Limited information was available on the toxicity and exposure to humans. One case study in which dicholorfluoromethane was one of the components of a water-repellent spray that was used in an insufficiently ventilated room by two young people, a 23 year man and his wife aged 21, who were admitted to the hospital with complaints of headache; nausea, dyspnea. Volatiles are frequently abused as inhalants. ANIMAL STUDIES: When administered alone to anesthetized mice at a concentration of 100,000 ppm, CFC-21 induced arrhythmia and sensitized the heart to epinephrine. Tachycardia with hypotension was observed in both monkeys and dogs that were anesthetized and exposed at 50,000-100,000 ppm. Bronchoconstriction was noted at 25,000 ppm. Repeated exposures have produced marked hepatic damage or failure. Ten of ten rats survived exposure at 10,000 ppm CFC-21, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 2 weeks, but their livers were grossly pale and heavy. Histopathologic examination showed centrilobular necrosis with related changes. In comparable 90-day series of exposure at 5000 and 1000 ppm levels, rats showed bilateral hair loss and excessive mortality (20 of 54 died at 1000 ppm, 15 of 54 at 5000 ppm). Four dogs exposed at both levels showed weight loss. Cirrhosis was evident in rats exposed at both levels, but with dogs histopathologic changes in the liver were mild and evident only at the 5000 ppm. CFC-21 has produced pre-implantation loss in pregnant rats exposed at 10,000 ppm. After exposure for 6 hr daily, on days 6 to 15 of gestation, 15 or 25 pregnant females had no viable fetuses or implantation sites on the uterine wall. Pregnancy outcome and fetal development in the other 10 rats were unaffected.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
暴露途径
吸入，皮肤和/或眼睛接触（液体）
inhalation, skin and/or eye contact (liquid)
来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
... Main factor affecting fate of fluorocarbons is body fat, where they are concentrated and slowly released into blood at concentrations that should not cause any risk of cardiac sensitization. /Fluorocarbons/
There is a significant accumulation of propellants in brain, liver and lung compared to blood levels, signifying a tissue distribution of fluorocarbons similar to that of chloroform. /Fluorocarbons/
Absorption of fluorocarbons is much lower after oral ingestion (35-48 times) than after inhalation. ... The lung generally have the highest fluorocarbon concn on autopsy. /Fluorocarbons/
activation of CCl bonds of hydrochlorofluoromethanes and chloromethanes at moderate reaction conditions using ACF in a combination with Et3GeH is presented. The reactions of the chloromethanes (CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHCl3 and CCl4) in the presence of Et3GeH and ACF as catalyst led to the activation of only one CCl bond resulting in the hydrodechlorination. Friedel-Crafts reactions with benzene as solvent are suppressed
Reactions of polyfluorobenzenethiols with polyhalomethanes and their derivatives in an alkaline medium
作者：R. A. Bredikhin、A. M. Maksimov、Yu. V. Gatilov、V. V. Kireenkov、V. E. Platonov
DOI：10.1134/s1070428015110068
日期：2015.11
New process direction was found in the reaction of polyfluoroarenethiols with fluorodichloromethane, chloroform, and bromoform in an alkaline medium consisting in the replacement of the thiol group by a hydrogen atom. This process competes with the formation of expected products, dihalomethyl polyfluoro-aryl sulfides and tris(arylsulfanyl)methanes. In reaction of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzenethiol with
type (6, 11 and 14) were submitted to silver ion-assisted ringopening. No rearrangement, but only fragmentation or direct solvolysis was found to take place. In the latter case, primary rather than tertiary 2-fluoroallyl alcohols are formed almost exclusively. Nucleophilicattack at the unsubstituted terminus of the 2-fluoroallyl cation is apparently favored for steric reasons.
