代谢
1. 开发了一种用于测定有机腈类物质在微粒体代谢过程中氰化物释放的方法。
2. 确定了从乙腈、丙腈、丁腈、异丁腈、丙烯腈、苯甲基氰和琥珀腈在大鼠鼻和肝脏微粒体代谢中氰化物释放的最大速率(Vmax)值。
3. 确定了苯甲基氰在大鼠鼻和肝脏微粒体代谢成氰化物的米氏常数(Km)和最大速率(Vmax)值。
4. 所有最大速率(Vmax)值在大鼠鼻微粒体中都高于肝脏微粒体。除了丙烯腈、丁腈和异丁腈的代谢外,嗅裂微粒体的活性高于鼻甲微粒体。
5. 两种测定最大速率(Vmax)值的方法表明,大鼠肝脏(而不是鼻子)至少含有两种参与苯甲基氰代谢成氰化物的细胞色素P-450同工酶。
6. 这些结果以及之前报道的鼻腔腈酶活性数据表明,吸入的有机腈类物质在鼻腔内得到了显著的解毒。
1. A method for determination of cyanide release during microsomal metabolism of organonitriles was developed. 2. Vmax values for cyanide release from acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, acrylonitrile, benzyl cyanide and succinonitrile were determined for rat nasal and liver microsomal metabolism. 3. Km and Vmax values were determined for nasal and liver microsomal metabolism of benzyl cyanide to cyanide. 4. Vmax values were all greater in nasal microsomes than in liver microsomes. Except for acrylonitrile, butyronitrile and isobutyronitrile metabolism, the ethmoturbinate microsomes had higher activities than the maxilloturbinate microsomes. 5. Two methods for determining Vmax values indicate that rat liver, but not the nose, contains at least two cytochrome P-450 isozymes involved in metabolism of benzyl cyanide to cyanide. 6. These results, and previously reported nasal rhodanese activity data, indicate that inhaled organonitriles are substantially detoxicated in the nasal cavity.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)