Hydroxamate Anchors for Improved Photoconversion in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
摘要:
We present the first analysis of performance of hydroxamate linkers as compared to carboxylate and phosphonate groups when anchoring ruthenium-polypyriclyl dyes to TiO2 surfaces in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The study provides fundamental insight into structure/function relationships that are critical for cell performance. Our DSSCs have been produced by using newly synthesized dye molecules and characterized by combining measurements and simulations of experimental current density-voltage (J-V) characteristic curves. We show that the choice of anchoring group has a direct effect on the overall sunlight-to-electricity conversion efficiency (eta), with hydroxamate anchors showing the best performance. Solar cells based on the pyridyl-hydroxamate complex exhibit higher efficiency since they suppress electron transfer from the photoanode to the electrolyte and have superior photoinjection characteristics. These findings suggest that hydroxamate anchoring groups should particularly valuable in DSSCs and photocatalytic applications based on molecular adsorbates covalently bound to semiconductor surfaces In contrast, analogous acetylacetonate anchors might undergo decomposition under similar conditions suggesting limited potential in future applications.
A benzoheterocyclic derivative of the following formula [1]:
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which show excellent anti-vasopressin activity, vasopressin agonistic activity and oxytocin antagonistic activity, and are useful as a vasopressin antagonist, vasopressin agonist or oxytocin antagonist.
This invention provides novel formulations for vasopressin agonist compounds, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having the general structure:
and processes for making them, the formulations comprising from about 1% to about 20% of active ingredient, from about 1% to about 18% of a surfactant component, from about 50% to about 80% of a component of one or more polyethylene glycols, from about 1% to about 20% of a component of one or more sucrose fatty acid esters and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone and, optionally, one or more preservatives or antioxidants.
The object of the present invention is to provide novel carboxamides which exhibit an excellent pesticidal activity as pesticides. Disclosed are the carboxamides represented by the following Formula (I):
wherein each substituent is as defined in the specification, and use thereof as pesticides and animal parasite controlling agents.
A screening hit was used as the basis for the core structure of a new series of acylglycinamide GlyT-1 inhibitors. Investigation of the SAR around four areas of diversity used facile chemistry to prepare compounds quickly. By focussing on reducing the lipophilicity and improving the aqueous solubility in the series we were able to prepare a compound (17e) with a good level of activity at GlyT-1, selectivity over GlyT-2 and moderate oral bioavailability. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.