Di(octadecanoyloxy)lead

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 脂肪酰基
• 英文名称: Di(octadecanoyloxy)lead
• 化学式: C36H70O4Pb
• 分子量: 774.0
• InChiKey: UQLDLKMNUJERMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  9.61
• 重原子数：
  41
• 可旋转键数：
  30
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.94
• 拓扑面积：
  80.3
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  4

ADMET

代谢

铅通过吸入、口服和皮肤接触被吸收，然后主要分布到骨骼和红细胞中。在血液中，铅可能被发现与血清白蛋白或金属结合蛋白金属lothionein结合。有机铅通过细胞色素P-450酶代谢，而无机铅与δ-氨基酮酸脱氢酶形成复合物。铅主要通过尿液和粪便排出。(L136)

Lead is absorbed following inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure. It is then distributed mainly to the bones and red blood cells. In the blood lead may be found bound to serum albumin or the metal-binding protein metallothionein. Organic lead is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes, whereas inorganic lead forms complexes with delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Lead is excreted mainly in the urine and faeces. (L136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

铅模仿其他生物学上重要的金属，如锌、钙和铁，作为许多它们各自酶促反应的辅因子与之竞争。例如，铅已被证明能竞争性地抑制钙与钙调蛋白的结合，干扰神经递质的释放。它对NMDA受体和蛋白激酶C表现出类似的竞争性抑制，这损害了脑微血管的形成和功能，同时也改变了血脑屏障。铅还通过阻碍多巴胺合成的调节和阻止乙酰胆碱的诱发释放来影响神经系统。然而，其主要作用机制是通过抑制δ-氨基酮酸脱水酶，这是一种在血红素生物合成中至关重要的酶，而血红素是血红蛋白所需的必要辅因子。(T4, A20, A22, L136)

Lead mimics other biologically important metals, such as zinc, calcium, and iron, competing as cofactors for many of their respective enzymatic reactions. For example, lead has been shown to competitively inhibit calcium's binding of calmodulin, interferring with neurotransmitter release. It exhibits similar competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor and protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Lead also affects the nervous system by impairing regulation of dopamine synthesis and blocking evoked release of acetylcholine. However, it's main mechanism of action occurs by inhibiting delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, an enzyme vital in the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. (T4, A20, A22, L136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

有机铅化合物无法归类为对人类的致癌性（第3组）。在有机铅化合物部分代谢为离子铅的程度上，它们预计会表现出与无机铅（第2A组，可能对人类致癌）相关的毒性。

Organic lead compounds are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). To the extent that organic lead compounds are metabolized in part to ionic lead, they are expected to exert the toxicities associated with inorganic lead (Group 2A, probably carcinogenic to humans). (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

铅是一种神经毒素，已知会导致大脑损伤和认知能力下降，特别是在儿童中。铅暴露可能导致肾病，以及如高血压和贫血等血液疾病。铅还表现出生殖毒性，可能导致流产和减少精子产生。

Lead is a neurotoxin and has been known to cause brain damage and reduced cognitive capacity, especially in children. Lead exposure can result in nephropathy, as well as blood disorders such as high blood pressure and anemia. Lead also exhibits reproductive toxicity and can results in miscarriages and reduced sperm production. (L21)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L136）；吸入（L136）；皮肤给药（L136）

Oral (L136) ; inhalation (L136) ; dermal (L136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

慢性铅中毒的症状包括认知能力下降、恶心、腹痛、易怒、失眠、嘴里有金属味、过度嗜睡或过度活跃、胸痛、头痛，在极端情况下还会出现癫痫、昏迷和死亡。此外，还伴有胃肠道问题，如便秘、腹泻、呕吐、食欲不振、体重减轻，这些在急性中毒中较为常见。

Symptions of chronic lead poisoning include reduced cognitive abilities, nausea, abdominal pain, irritability, insomnia, metal taste in the mouth, excess lethargy or hyperactivity, chest pain, headache and, in extreme cases, seizures, comas, and death. There are also associated gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, poor appetite, weight loss, which are common in acute poisoning. (A2, L21)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  硬脂酸 、 氧化铅 以 溶剂黄146 为溶剂， 反应 0.43h， 以a melting temperature of 114° C., and an acid value of 2.0 was obtained after 20 minutes的产率得到Di(octadecanoyloxy)lead
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Process for the production of basic soaps of divalent metals in powder

  摘要：

  具有符合公式（MO）.sub.n.M（RCOO）.sub.2的组成的粉状基本金属肥皂，其中MO代表CaO，ZnO，MgO，BaO，PbO或混合氧化物PbO / CaO，CaO / ZnO，BaO / CdO或BaO / ZnO，M是上述金属之一，RCOO代表含有8至34个碳原子的脂肪酸根离子，n的值为0.2至2，可以通过在微量水，酒精和/或酸的存在下，在常温和100℃之间的温度下，与金属氧化物粉末反应而得到。最好在反应过程中持续去除形成的水，并且反应混合物在整个反应过程中均为自由流动颗粒。

  公开号：

  US04927548A1
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  、 Di(octadecanoyloxy)alumanyl octadecanoate 、 sodium stearate 、 在 Di(octadecanoyloxy)alumanyl octadecanoate 、 Di(octadecanoyloxy)lead 十三烷二酸环乙撑酯 作用下， 反应 5.0h， 以ethylene brassylate was obtained after 1 hour的产率得到十三烷二酸环乙撑酯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Process for the production of macrocyclic esters and lactones utilizing

  摘要：

  由铝烷氧化物或铝羧酸盐与碱金属或镁烷氧化物或羧酸盐混合而成的混合金属化合物是用于热解聚酯以产生大环化合物的有用催化剂。在已知的热解程序中，利用这些混合金属催化剂可以实现高产率和增强反应速率。

  公开号：

  US04393223A1

文献信息

• Process for preparation of lead compounds
  申请人：Mizusawa Kagaku Kozyo Kabushiki Kaisha

  公开号：US04324768A1

  公开（公告）日：1982-04-13

  Disclosed is a process for the preparation of lead compounds which comprises reacting lead monoxide according to the wet method with an inorganic acid or organic acid in the presence of hydroxylamine under such conditions that the initial pH value of the reaction system is not higher than 7. Lead monoxide according to the wet method has an excellent reactivity with an inorganic acid or organic acid, but it contains higher oxides such as lead dioxide and minium, which cause coloration in lead compound products. According to this process, this undesirable coloration can effectively prevented.

  本发明揭示了一种制备铅化合物的方法，包括在羟胺存在下，将湿法铅一氧化物与无机酸或有机酸按照湿法反应的方法反应，反应体系的初始pH值不高于7。湿法铅一氧化物与无机酸或有机酸反应具有良好的反应性，但其中含有的铅二氧化物和明矾等高级氧化物会导致铅化合物产品的着色。根据本方法，这种不良着色可以有效地预防。
• Granular stabilizer for chlorine-containing polymers
  申请人：Mizusawa Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha

  公开号：US04329182A1

  公开（公告）日：1982-05-11

  Disclosed is a granular stabilizer for chlorine-containing polymers, which comprises porous spherical particles composed of randomly integrated needle crystals of a polybasic sulfuric acid/fatty acid lead salt having a chemical composition of 1 mole of SO.sub.3, 3.7 to 4.5 moles of PbO and 0.06 to 1.27 moles of a higher fatty acid and also having X-ray diffraction peaks at spacings d of 2.95 A and 3.27 A, wherein the fatty acid component is enrolled in the surfaces of the respective needle crystals without substantial phase separation in the surfaces of the spherical particles.

  本发明揭示了一种用于含氯聚合物的颗粒状稳定剂，它包括由多基硫酸/脂肪酸铅盐的随机集成针晶组成的多孔球形颗粒，其化学组成为1摩尔的SO.sub.3，3.7至4.5摩尔的PbO和0.06至1.27摩尔的较高脂肪酸，并且在2.95A和3.27A的间隔d处具有X射线衍射峰，其中脂肪酸组分在各个针晶的表面上注册，而不在球形颗粒表面产生显著的相分离。

表征谱图