申请人:CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
公开号:US20170057908A1
公开(公告)日:2017-03-02
Processes and reaction mixtures including non-aqueous solvent mixtures are presented. Non-aqueous solvent mixtures including fluoride salt and non-aqueous solvent combinations are provided that possess high fluoride ion concentrations useful for a range of applications, including organic synthesis. Further non-aqueous solvent mixtures are provided including a salt possessing a non-fluoride anion and a non-aqueous solvent that, when contacted with aqueous fluoride-containing reagents, extract fluoride ions to form non-aqueous fluoride-ion solutions possessing high fluoride-ion concentrations. The salts include an organic cation that does not possess a carbon in the β-position or does not possess a carbon in the β-position having a bound hydrogen. This salt structure facilitates its ability to be made anhydrous without decomposition. Example anhydrous fluoride salts include (2,2-dimethylpropyl)trimethylammonium fluoride and bis(2,2-dimethylpropyl)dimethylammonium fluoride. The combination of these fluoride salts with at least one fluorine-containing non-aqueous solvent (e.g., bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)ether; (BTFE)) promotes solubility of the salt within the non-aqueous solvents.
提供了包括非水溶剂混合物的过程和反应混合物。提供了包括氟化物盐和非水溶剂组合的非水溶剂混合物,其具有高氟离子浓度,可用于一系列应用,包括有机合成。还提供了包括具有非氟离子的盐和非水溶剂的非水溶剂混合物,当与含氟化物的水溶试剂接触时,提取氟离子以形成具有高氟离子浓度的非水溶性氟离子溶液。这些盐包括一个有机阳离子,该阳离子在β位不含碳或在β位含有结合氢的碳。这种盐的结构有助于使其在无水条件下不分解。例如,无水氟化物盐包括(2,2-二甲基丙基)三甲基铵氟化物和双(2,2-二甲基丙基)二甲基铵氟化物。这些氟化物盐与至少一种含氟非水溶剂(例如双(2,2,2-三氟乙基)醚;(BTFE))的组合促进了盐在非水溶剂中的溶解度。