/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organophosphates and related compounds/
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Aggressive airway control may be needed. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Organophosphates and related compounds/
/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously and consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer atropine. Correct hypoxia before giving atropine ... . Administer pralidoxime chloride (2 PAM). USE UNDER DIRECT PHYSICIAN ORDERS ONLY ... . Treat seizures with adequate atropinization and correction of hypoxia. In rare cases diazepam or lorazepam may be necessary ... . Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organophosphates and related compounds/
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Nausea ... vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, excessive salivation ... Headache, giddiness, vertigo and weakness. Rhinorrhea and sensation of tightness in chest are common in inhalation exposure. Blurring or dimness of vision, miosis ... tearing, ciliary muscle spasm, loss of accommodation and ocular pain ... mydriasis ... sometimes seen ... probably due to sympatho-adrenal discharge. Loss of muscle coordination, slurring of speech, fasciculations and twitching of muscles (particularly of tongue and eyelids), and generalized profound weakness. Mental confusion, disorientation and drowsiness. Difficulty in breathing, excessive secretion of saliva and of respiratory tract mucus, oronasal frothing, cyanosis, pulmonary rales, rhonchi and hypertension (presumably due to asphyxia). Random jerky movements, incontinence, convulsions, and coma. Death primarily due to respiratory arrest arising from failure of respiratory center, paralysis of respiratory muscles, intense bronchoconstriction or all three. /Parathion/
描述了使用分子氧作为氧化剂的高效Cs 2 CO 3催化的硫醇与膦酸酯和芳烃的氧化偶联。这些反应不仅提供了一种新颖的碱金属盐催化的好氧氧化反应，而且提供了一种在制药和农药中普遍发现的硫代磷酸盐和亚硫基芳烃的有效方法。该反应在简单温和的反应条件下进行，可耐受各种官能团，适用于生物活性分子的后期合成和修饰。
A Robust Methodology for the Synthesis of Phosphorothioates, Phosphinothioates and Phosphonothioates
作者：David J. Jones、Eileen M. O'Leary、Timothy P. O'Sullivan
DOI：10.1002/adsc.202000059
日期：2020.4.27
A robust methodology for the synthesis of phosphorothioates, phosphinothioates and phosphonothioates, including those bearing low molecular weight S‐alkyl side‐chains, is presented. Application of the “caesium effect” in conjunction with the disulfide 3,3’‐dithiobis(propionitrile), which acts as a shelf‐stable sulfur source, avoids recourse to malodorous alkanethiols and toxic P−Cl precursors. A diverse
Mechanism of Formation of α,β-Unsaturated Esters in the Reaction of Ethyl Mercaptoacetate Dianion with Carbonyl Compounds
作者：Syuichi Matsui
DOI：10.1246/bcsj.57.426
日期：1984.2
Dianion derived from ethyl mercaptoacetate undergoes aldol type reaction with a carbonyl compound to give an adduct, which exhibited low diastereoselectivity. However, the adducts obtained by the reaction with a variety of aldehydes were subsequently treated with ethyl chloroformate in the presence of trivalentphosphoruscompound to give (E)-isomers of α,β-unsaturated esters in high yields with greater
Electrosynthesis of heteroatom-heteroatom bonds. 4. Direct cross-coupling of dialkyl (or diaryl) phosphites with disulfides by a sodium bromide promoted electrolytic procedure
