Method and Device for the Sulfonation or Sulfation of Sulfonatable or Sulfatable Organic Substances and for Performing Faster, Strongly Exothermic Gas/Liquid Reactions
申请人:Aigner Rudolf
公开号:US20080306295A1
公开(公告)日:2008-12-11
A method and a device for the sulfonation or the sulfation of organic liquid raw materials with an S0
3
/air mixture and other reaction gases in order to perform rapid, highly exothermic gas-liquid reactions in conventional thin-layer falling-film reactors are disclosed. The introduction of the S0
3
/air mixture occurs through several feed locations, which are located within (along) the reaction tube or reaction tubes or in the annular gap of annular-gap falling-film reactors. High peak temperatures, undesirable byproducts, worsening of the color and local oversulfation or oversulfonation, which leads to side reactions, are largely avoided.
length. Hexadecoxy ethoxyethyl β-d-glucopyranoside had no watersolubility at 25 °C. Decoxy ethoxyethyl β-d-glucopyranoside had the best emulsifying property in the toluene/water and n-octane/water systems and the strongest foaming property, whereas dodecoxy ethoxyethyl β-d-glucopyranoside had the best emulsifying property in the rapeseed oil/water system. Such β-d-glucopyranosides (n = 6-12) exhibited
chain length and increasing the number of the oligooxyethyl fragment. The critical micelle concentration had a monotonous decreasing trend with increasing the alkyl chain length. Nonyl di-/tri-/tetraoxyethyl β-d-xylopyranosides [−(OCH2CH2)m–, where m = 2, 3, and 4] exhibited the most excellent foaming ability and foam stability. In the n-octane/water system, dodecyl tetraoxyethyl β-d-xylopyranosides and
Benzoyl Peroxide Composition, Methods for Making Same, and Pharmaceutical or Cosmetic Formulations Comprising Same, and Uses Thereof
申请人:Levin Daniel
公开号:US20120064135A1
公开(公告)日:2012-03-15
The present invention relates to the preparation of compositions comprising benzoyl peroxide, with or without other additional active ingredients. The process involves introducing benzoyl peroxide, along with any other active ingredients present, into a fatty substance that contains and protects the ingredients that would otherwise be unstable when in contact with one another. The composition is designed to allow all ingredients to become available for skin contact or skin absorption when the fatty substance softens and/or melts as the composition is applied to the skin. The benzoyl peroxide may be pre-micronized to a particle distribution size of about d
90
of 0.1 to 150 microns, preferably d
90
of 10 to 15 microns. Further, pharmaceutical or cosmetic ingredients may be contained within the fatty substances, with or without, benzoyl peroxide therein or may be present outside of the fatty substance but elsewhere within formulated pharmaceutical or cosmetic products using the active ingredients protected by the fatty substance. These compositions are useful in aqueous-based formulations to treat diseases by topical, transdermal and/or subcutaneous administration.
Method for carrying out reactions characterized by an equilibrium
申请人:——
公开号:US06342199B1
公开(公告)日:2002-01-29
The invention relates to a process for conducting a chemical reaction characterized by an equilibrium in a reaction system designed as a loop reactor, said loop reactor comprising a reactor vessel (1), at least one loop connected to said reactor vessel (1) each by means of an outlet and an inlet, said loop comprising means (3) for pumping over a fluid reaction material, at least one he exchanger (4), optionally means (5) for feeding said reaction material into Me reactor vessel (1) and a separate gas loop (8) which is connected to the gas space of the reactor vessel (1) above the reaction mixture and has separate means for feeding a gas into the gas loop (8), for withdrawing gas from the gas loop (8) and/or for treating said gas circulating in the gas loop (8), said process comprising the steps of circulating and/or treating said gas in said gas loop (8), feeding said gas into the reactor vessel (1) for influencing the equilibrium of a reaction conducted in said reactor vessel (1) and being characterized by the equilibrium and, after influencing said equilibrium reaction conducted in said reactor vessel (1), exhausting said gas from said reactor vessel (1) into the gas loop (8).