Iridium-Catalyzed C–H Activation and Deuteration of Primary Sulfonamides: An Experimental and Computational Study
作者:William J. Kerr、Marc Reid、Tell Tuttle
DOI:10.1021/cs5015755
日期:2015.1.2
Iridium-catalyzed C-H activation and ortho-hydrogen isotope exchange is an important technology for allowing access to labelled organic substrates and aromatic drug molecules, and for the development of further C-H activation processes in organic synthesis. The use of [(COD)Ir(NHC)Cl] complexes (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) in the ortho-deuteration of primary sulfonamides under ambient conditions is reported. This methodology has been applied to the deuteration of a series of substrates, including the COX-2 inhibitors Celecoxib and Mavacoxib, demonstrating selective complexation of the primary sulfonamide over a competing pyrazole moiety. The observed chemoselectivity can be reversed by employing more encumbered catalyst derivatives of the type [(COD)Ir(NHC)(PPh3)]PF6. Computational studies have revealed that, although C-H activation is rate-determining, substrate complexation or subsequent C-H activation can be product-determining depending on the catalyst employed.
Isotopic Labelling of Functionalised Arenes Catalysed by Iridium(I) Species of the [(cod)Ir(NHC)(py)]PF6 Complex Class
Iridium(I) complexes of the type [(cod)Ir(NHC)(Py)]PF6 have been exposed as efficient catalysts in the area of hydrogen-isotope exchange. More specifically, by an ortho-directed C-H activation process, high levels of deuterium incorporation have been achieved using low levels of catalyst over a range of functionalised aromatic compounds. Additionally, the developed protocol has been extended to include a selected pharmacological target, where chemoselective labelling is observed within such a multifunctional substrate.