Highly Efficient Preparation of Lipophilic Hydroxycinnamates by Solvent-free Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification
摘要:
Various medium- or long-chain alkyl cinnamates and hydroxycinnamates, including oleyl p-coumarate as well as palmityl and oleyl ferulates, were prepared in high yield by lipase-catalyzed transesterification of an equimolar mixture of a short-chain alkyl cinnamate and a fatty alcohol such as lauryl, palmityl, and oleyl alcohol under partial vacuum at moderate temperature in the absence of solvents and drying agents in direct contact with the reaction mixture. Immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica was the most effective biocatalyst for the various transesterification reactions. Transesterification activity of this enzyme was up to 56-fold higher than esterification activity for the preparation of medium- and long-chain alkyl ferulates. The relative transesterification activities found for C. antarctica lipase were of the following order: hydrocinnamate > cinnamate > 4- hydroxyhydrocinnamate > 3-methoxycinnamate > 2-methoxycinnamate approximate to 4-methoxycinnamate approximate to 3-hydroxycinnamate > hydrocaffeate approximate to 4-hydroxycinnamate > ferulate > 2-hydroxycinnamate > caffeate approximate to sinapate. With respect to the position of the hydroxy substituents at the phenyl moiety, the transesterification activity of C. antarctica lipase B increased in the order meta > para > ortho. The immobilized lipases from Rhizomucor miehei and Thermomyces lanuginosus demonstrated moderate and low transesterification activity, respectively. Compounds with inverse chemical structure, that is, 3-phenylpropyl alkanoates such as 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propyl oleate and 3-(3,4- dimethoxyphenyl) propyl oleate, were obtained by C. antarctica lipase-catalyzed transesterification of fatty acid methyl esters with the corresponding 3- phenylpropan-1-ols in high yield, as well.
Highly Efficient Preparation of Lipophilic Hydroxycinnamates by Solvent-free Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification
作者:Petra Weitkamp、Klaus Vosmann、Nikolaus Weber
DOI:10.1021/jf0611973
日期:2006.9.1
Various medium- or long-chain alkyl cinnamates and hydroxycinnamates, including oleyl p-coumarate as well as palmityl and oleyl ferulates, were prepared in high yield by lipase-catalyzed transesterification of an equimolar mixture of a short-chain alkyl cinnamate and a fatty alcohol such as lauryl, palmityl, and oleyl alcohol under partial vacuum at moderate temperature in the absence of solvents and drying agents in direct contact with the reaction mixture. Immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica was the most effective biocatalyst for the various transesterification reactions. Transesterification activity of this enzyme was up to 56-fold higher than esterification activity for the preparation of medium- and long-chain alkyl ferulates. The relative transesterification activities found for C. antarctica lipase were of the following order: hydrocinnamate > cinnamate > 4- hydroxyhydrocinnamate > 3-methoxycinnamate > 2-methoxycinnamate approximate to 4-methoxycinnamate approximate to 3-hydroxycinnamate > hydrocaffeate approximate to 4-hydroxycinnamate > ferulate > 2-hydroxycinnamate > caffeate approximate to sinapate. With respect to the position of the hydroxy substituents at the phenyl moiety, the transesterification activity of C. antarctica lipase B increased in the order meta > para > ortho. The immobilized lipases from Rhizomucor miehei and Thermomyces lanuginosus demonstrated moderate and low transesterification activity, respectively. Compounds with inverse chemical structure, that is, 3-phenylpropyl alkanoates such as 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propyl oleate and 3-(3,4- dimethoxyphenyl) propyl oleate, were obtained by C. antarctica lipase-catalyzed transesterification of fatty acid methyl esters with the corresponding 3- phenylpropan-1-ols in high yield, as well.
Solvent-free Lipase-Catalyzed Preparation of Long-Chain Alkyl Phenylpropanoates and Phenylpropyl Alkanoates
作者:Klaus Vosmann、Petra Weitkamp、Nikolaus Weber
DOI:10.1021/jf060052t
日期:2006.4.1
An enzymatic method was developed for the preparation of medium- or long-chain alkyl 3-phenylpropenoates (alkyl cinnamates), particularly alkyl hydroxy- and methoxy-substituted cinnamates such as oleyl p-coumarate and oleyl ferulate. The various alkyl cinnamates were formed in high to moderate yield by lipase-catalyzed esterification of cinnamic acid and its analogues with fatty alcohols in vacuo at moderate temperatures in the absence of drying agents and solvents. Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B was the most effective biocatalyst for the various esterification reactions. The relative esterification activities were of the following order: clihydrocinnamic > cinnamic > 3-methoxycinnamic > dihydrocaffeic approximate to 3-hydroxycinnamic > 4-methoxycinnamic > 2-methoxycinnamic > 4-hydroxycinnamic > ferulic approximate to 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic > 2-hydroxycinnamic acid. With respect to the position of the substituents at the phenyl moiety, the esterification activity increased in the order meta > para > ortho. Rhizomucor miehei lipase demonstrated moderate esterification activity. Compounds with inverse chemical structure, that is, 3-phenylpropyl alkanoates such as 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl oleate, were also obtained in high yield by esterification of fatty acids with the corresponding 3-phenylpropan-1-ols.