AIE (AIEE) and mechanofluorochromic performances of TPE-methoxylates: effects of single molecular conformations
作者:Qingkai Qi、Yifei Liu、Xiaofeng Fang、Yumo Zhang、Peng Chen、Yi Wang、Bing Yang、Bin Xu、Wenjing Tian、Sean Xiao-An Zhang
DOI:10.1039/c3ra40734a
日期:——
Two methoxy-substituted tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivatives, tetra(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylene (TMOE) and tetra(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylene (TDMOE), were synthesized by McMurry reaction in high yields. The nearly centrosymmetric and natural propeller shape of TMOE and TDMOE excluded intermolecular effects, such as H or J-aggregation and π–π stacking, on their AIE (AIEE) and mechanofluorochromic performance. The crystal structures of TMOE and TDMOE, and theoretical calculations proved that their emission colours are determined by single molecular conjugation. These molecules were used to investigate pure conformational effects on molecular emissions. The spectral properties of these molecules in five environments of crystal(s), THF solution, THF–water binary solution, solidified THF and amorphous states, were investigated. The crystalline to amorphous phase transition by grinding resulted in good mechanofluorochromic performances with high quantum yields and distinguishable emission change, which was further explored as anti-counterfeiting inks on banknotes.
通过麦克马里反应高产率合成了两种甲氧基取代的四苯基乙烯(TPE)衍生物,即四(4-甲氧基苯基)乙烯(TMOE)和四(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)乙烯(TDMOE)。TMOE 和 TDMOE 的近中心对称和自然螺旋桨形状排除了分子间效应,如 H 或 J 聚集和 π-π 堆积,从而影响了它们的 AIEE 和机械氟变色性能。TMOE 和 TDMOE 的晶体结构和理论计算证明,它们的发射颜色是由单分子共轭决定的。这些分子被用来研究纯构象对分子发射的影响。研究了这些分子在晶体、THF 溶液、THF-水二元溶液、凝固的 THF 和非晶态五种环境下的光谱特性。通过研磨实现晶体到非晶态的相变,产生了良好的机械荧光变色性能,具有较高的量子产率和明显的发射变化。