(4-甲氧基苯基)(1-戊基-1H-吲哚-3-基)甲酮 | 1345966-78-0

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 吲哚及其衍生物
• 中文名称: (4-甲氧基苯基)(1-戊基-1H-吲哚-3-基)甲酮
• 英文名称: RCS-4
• 英文别名: (4-methoxyphenyl)(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methanone；1-Pentyl-3-(4-methoxybenzoyl)indole；(4-methoxyphenyl)-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone
• CAS: 1345966-78-0
• 化学式: C₂₁H₂₃NO₂
• 分子量: 321.419
• InChiKey: OZCYJKDWRUIFFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  5
• 重原子数：
  24
• 可旋转键数：
  7
• 环数：
  3.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.29
• 拓扑面积：
  31.2
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  2

ADMET

代谢

3-(4-甲氧基苯甲酰)-1-戊基吲哚（RCS-4），一种合成吲哚衍生的拟大麻素，最早是由匈牙利当局于2010年通过早期预警系统报告给欧洲药物和药物成瘾监测中心的，后来在爱尔兰的合法药店的测试购买中被识别出来。通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术，我们在因药物中毒症状入院的人的尿样中识别出了一系列RCS-4的代谢物。这些代谢物暂时被识别为以下反应的产物：(i)芳香族单羟基化；(ii)二羟基化；(iii)芳香族羟基化/氧化N-戊基链为酮；(iv)脱甲基；(v)脱甲基/单羟基化N-戊基链；(vi)脱甲基/氧化N-戊基链为酮；(vii)脱甲基/芳香族羟基化/氧化N-戊基链为酮；(viii)N-脱戊基化/芳香族单羟基化；以及(ix)N和O-脱烷基化。母化合物未被检测到。发现脱甲基代谢物是识别RCS-4摄入的最有用的代谢标志物。

3-(4-Methoxybenzoyl)-1-pentylindole (RCS-4), a synthetic indole-derived cannabimimetic, was first reported to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction via the Early Warning System by Hungarian authorities in 2010 and later identified in head shop test purchases in Ireland. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we have identified a series of RCS-4 metabolites in urine samples from individuals admitted to hospitals with symptoms of drug intoxication. The metabolites were tentatively identified as products of (i) aromatic monohydroxylation; (ii) dihydroxylation; (iii) aromatic hydroxylation/oxidation of the N-pentyl chain to a ketone; (iv) O-demethylation; (v) O-demethylation/monohydroxylation of N-pentyl chain; (vi) O-demethylation/oxidation of the N-pentyl chain to a ketone; (vii) O-demethylation/aromatic hydroxylation/oxidation of the N-pentyl chain to a ketone; (viii) N-depentylation/aromatic monohydroxylation; and (ix) N and O-dealkylation. The parent compound was not detected. The O-demethylated metabolites were found to be the most useful metabolic markers for the identification of RCS-4 ingestion.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

合成大麻素（SCs）的药代动力学（PK）特性的知识对于解释例如在吸毒个体中发现的解析结果非常重要。在缺乏来自对照研究的人类数据的情况下，必须建立阐明SC PK的动物模型。为了预测人类的PK数据，对提供大量生物流体样本的猪进行了测试。在此背景下，除了delta9-四氢大麻酚（THC）之外，还阐明两种模型SCs，即4-乙基萘-1-基-(1-戊基吲哚-3-基)甲酮（JWH-210）和2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-(1-戊基吲哚-3-基)甲酮（RCS-4）的代谢命运。在化合物静脉给药后，通过液相色谱-高分辨率质谱分析每小时收集的猪尿。观察到以下途径：对于JWH-210，在乙基侧链或戊基链上羟基化以及它们的组合，然后进行葡萄糖苷酸化；对于RCS-4，在甲氧基苯基部分或戊基链上羟基化然后进行葡萄糖苷酸化，以及O-去甲基化然后进行葡萄糖苷酸化或硫酸化；对于THC，进行THC葡萄糖苷酸化，11-羟基化，然后进行羧酸化并进行葡萄糖苷酸化。对于这两种SCs，尿液中没有检测到母体化合物，与THC相反。这些结果与人肝细胞和/或人类案例研究获得的结果一致。JWH-210消费的尿液标志物是N-羟基戊基代谢物的葡萄糖苷酸（可检测时间为3-4小时），而RCS-4的标志物是N-羟基戊基、羟基-甲氧基苯基（至少可检测6小时）和O-去甲基-羟基代谢物（可检测4小时）的葡萄糖苷酸。

The knowledge of pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) is important for interpretation of analytical results found for example in intoxicated individuals. In the absence of human data from controlled studies, animal models elucidating SC PK have to be established. Pigs providing large biofluid sample volumes were tested for prediction of human PK data. In this context, the metabolic fate of two model SCs, namely 4-ethylnaphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH-210) and 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(1-pentyl-indol-3-yl)methanone (RCS-4), was elucidated in addition to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). After intravenous administration of the compounds, hourly collected pig urine was analyzed by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. The following pathways were observed: for JWH-210, hydroxylation at the ethyl side chain or pentyl chain and combinations of them followed by glucuronidation; for RCS-4, hydroxylation at the methoxyphenyl moiety or pentyl chain followed by glucuronidation as well as O-demethylation followed by glucuronidation or sulfation; for THC, THC glucuronidation, 11-hydroxylation, followed by carboxylation and glucuronidation. For both SCs, parent compounds could not be detected in urine in contrast to THC. These results were consistent with those obtained from human hepatocyte and/or human case studies. Urinary markers for the consumption of JWH-210 were the glucuronide of the N-hydroxypentyl metabolite (detectable for 3-4 hr) and of RCS-4 the glucuronides of the N-hydroxypentyl, hydroxy-methoxyphenyl (detectable for at least 6 hr), and the O-demethyl-hydroxy metabolites (detectable for 4 hr).

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

自2009年以来，合成大麻素的立法调度促使新的化合物出现以规避法律限制。2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-(1-戊基-吲哚-3-基)甲酮（RCS-4）是一种强力的大麻素受体激动剂，在草药吸烟混合物中销售。尿液中不存在母体合成大麻素，这表明在临床和法医调查中识别代谢物对于检测RCS-4的使用至关重要。通过对1小时人肝细胞培养和飞行时间高分辨率质谱的分析，我们鉴定出18种RCS-4的代谢物，其中许多尚未报道。大多数代谢物是羟基化的，伴随或不伴随去甲基化、羧基化和脱烷基化，然后是葡萄糖苷酸化。还观察到一种额外的硫酸化代谢物。O-去甲基化是最常见的生物转化，产生了主要的代谢物。...我们展示了从人肝细胞获得的RCS-4的代谢方案，包括一相和二相代谢物。代谢物的结构信息及相关的高分辨率质谱可用于开发临床和法医实验室RCS-4尿检筛查方法。

Since 2009, scheduling legislation of synthetic cannabinoids prompted new compound emergence to circumvent legal restrictions. 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(1-pentyl-indol-3-yl)methanone (RCS-4) is a potent cannabinoid receptor agonist sold in herbal smoking blends. Absence of parent synthetic cannabinoids in urine suggests the importance of metabolite identification for detecting RCS-4 consumption in clinical and forensic investigations. With 1 hr human hepatocyte incubation and TOF high-resolution MS, we identified 18 RCS-4 metabolites, many not yet reported. Most metabolites were hydroxylated with or without demethylation, carboxylation and dealkylation followed by glucuronidation. One additional sulfated metabolite was also observed. O-demethylation was the most common biotransformation and generated the major metabolite. ... We present a metabolic scheme of RCS-4 obtained from human hepatocytes, including Phase I and II metabolites. Metabolite structural information and associated high-resolution mass spectra can be employed for developing clinical and forensic laboratory RCS-4 urine screening methods.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

身份和使用：RCS-4是一种第一类受控物质。它被用来制造合成大麻。人体研究：在用人淋巴细胞和口腔及肺来源的人细胞系（TR-146和A-549）进行的体外单细胞凝胶电泳（SCGE）实验中发现了明确的剂量依赖性效应。这些实验基于在电场中确定DNA迁移，能够检测单链和双链断裂以及apurinic位点。此外，发现这两种药物都能诱导微核，微核是由于染色体畸变而形成的。动物研究：RCS-4在纳米摩尔亲和力（0.59至22.5 nM）下与CB1受体表现出高亲和力结合，并且与CB1受体完全激动剂CP 55940相比，以纳米摩尔的效力作为完全激动剂。它将小鼠的自主活动降低了50%以下，抑制效果持续超过1.5小时。它完全替代了（<80% delta(9)-THC适当反应）delta(9)-THC的鉴别刺激效应。在细菌（ Salmonella/microsome）测试中没有发现诱导基因突变的证据。

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: RCS-4 is a Schedule I controlled substance. It is used to make synthetic marijuana. HUMAN STUDIES: Clear dose-dependent effects were found in in vitro single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assays with human lymphocytes and with buccal- and lung-derived human cell lines (TR-146 and A-549). These experiments are based on the determination of DNA migration in an electric field and enable the detection of single- and double-strand breaks and apurinic sites. Furthermore, it was found that both drugs induce micronuclei which are formed as a consequence of chromosomal aberrations. ANIMAL STUDIES: RCS-4 showed high affinity binding at the CB1 receptor at nanomolar affinities (0.59 to 22.5 nM), and acted as full agonist with nanomolar potency when compared to the CB1 receptor full agonist CP 55940. It depressed locomotor activity in mice below 50% of vehicle responding, with depressant effects lasting more than 1.5 hr. It fully substituted (<80% delta(9)-THC-appropriate responding) for the discriminative stimulus effects of delta(9)-THC. No evidence for induction of gene mutations was detected in bacterial (Salmonella/microsome) tests.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 立即急救：确保已经进行了充分的中毒物清除。如果患者停止呼吸，开始人工呼吸，最好使用需求阀复苏器、袋阀面罩装置或口袋面罩，按训练进行操作。如有必要，执行心肺复苏。立即用缓慢流动的水冲洗受污染的眼睛。不要催吐。如果发生呕吐，让患者向前倾或将其置于左侧（如果可能的话，头部向下），以保持呼吸道畅通，防止吸入。保持患者安静，维持正常体温。寻求医疗帮助。 /毒物A和B/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 基本治疗：建立专利气道（如有需要，使用口咽或鼻咽气道）。如有必要，进行吸痰。观察呼吸不足的迹象，如有需要，协助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测肺水肿，如有必要，进行治疗……。监测休克，如有必要，进行治疗……。预期癫痫发作，如有必要，进行治疗……。对于眼睛污染，立即用水冲洗眼睛。在运输过程中，用0.9%的生理盐水（NS）持续冲洗每只眼睛……。不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入，如果患者能够吞咽、有强烈的干呕反射且不流口水，则用温水冲洗口腔，并给予5毫升/千克，最多200毫升的水进行稀释……。在去污后，用干燥的无菌敷料覆盖皮肤烧伤……。/毒药A和B/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 高级治疗：对于昏迷、严重肺水肿或严重呼吸困难的病人，考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。使用带气囊的面罩进行正压通气技术可能有益。考虑使用药物治疗肺水肿……。对于严重的支气管痉挛，考虑给予β激动剂，如沙丁胺醇……。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常……。开始静脉输注5%葡萄糖水（D5W），保持通路开放，最低流量/ SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate /. 如果出现低血容量的迹象，使用0.9%生理盐水（NS）或乳酸钠林格氏液（LR）。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压，谨慎给予液体。注意液体过载的迹象……。用地西泮或劳拉西泮治疗癫痫……。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗……。/毒物A和B/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

本研究的目的是调查XLR-11（1-(5-氟戊基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)(2,2,3,3-四甲基环丙基)甲酮，一种广泛消费的合成大麻素（SC），以及苯甲酰吲哚RCS-4（4-甲氧基苯基）(1-戊基-1H-吲哚-3-基)甲酮）的遗传毒性特性。我们在不同的实验系统中对这些药物的DNA损伤特性进行了表征。在细菌（沙门氏菌/微粒体）测试中没有发现诱导基因突变的证据，但在用人淋巴细胞和来自颊部和肺部的细胞系（TR-146和A-549）进行的体外单细胞凝胶电泳（SCGE）实验中发现了明显的剂量依赖性效应。这些实验基于在电场中测定DNA迁移，能够检测单链和双链断裂以及无嘌呤位点。此外，我们发现这两种药物都能诱导微核，这是由于染色体畸变而形成的。SCGE实验中特定损伤酶（FPG，Endo III）缺乏效果表明，DNA损伤不是由氧化损伤碱基的形成引起的；肝脏酶匀浆和牛血清白蛋白的实验表明，这些药物不是通过酶促转化为DNA反应中间体。此外，来自颊部和肺部的细胞系的结果显示，在反映药物使用者暴露情况的条件下，气体处理细胞可能会导致呼吸道上皮细胞遗传物质的损伤。由于DNA不稳定性涉及癌症的病因学，这些发现可以作为一个迹象，表明SC的消费可能会导致消费者呼吸道的肿瘤。

/GENOTOXICITY/ Aim of this study was the investigation of the genotoxic properties of XLR-11 [1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl](2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone, a widely consumed synthetic cannabinoid (SC), and of the benzoyl indole RCS-4 (4-methoxyphenyl)(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methanone). We characterized the DNA-damaging properties of these drugs in different experimental systems. No evidence for induction of gene mutations was detected in bacterial (Salmonella/microsome) tests, but clear dose-dependent effects were found in in vitro single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assays with human lymphocytes and with buccal- and lung-derived human cell lines (TR-146 and A-549). These experiments are based on the determination of DNA migration in an electric field and enable the detection of single- and double-strand breaks and apurinic sites. Furthermore, we found that both drugs induce micronuclei which are formed as a consequence of chromosomal aberrations. The lack of effects in SCGE experiments with lesion-specific enzymes (FPG, Endo III) shows that the DNA damage is not caused by formation of oxidatively damaged bases; experiments with liver enzyme homogenates and bovine serum albumin indicate that the drugs are not converted enzymatically to DNA-reactive intermediates. Furthermore, results with buccal- and lung-derived human cells show that gaseous treatment of the cells under conditions which reflect the exposure situation in drug users may cause damage of the genetic material in epithelia of the respiratory tract. Since DNA instability is involved in the etiology of cancer, these findings can be taken as an indication that consumption of the SCs may cause tumors in the respiratory tract of consumers.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

合成大麻素(SCs)在法医毒理学中越来越成为一个问题。评估SCs药代动力学数据的受控人体研究缺乏，只有少数动物研究已经发表。因此，解释在醉酒或中毒个体中发现的解析结果是很困难的。因此，研究了两种选定SCs，即4-乙基萘-1-基-(1-戊基吲哚-3-基)甲酮(JWH-210)和2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-(1-戊基吲哚-3-基)甲酮(RCS-4)以及作为参考的大麻酚(THC)在猪体内的分布。每只药物使用6只猪，单次静脉注射200微克/千克BW剂量的JWH-210、RCS-4或THC。给药后6小时，动物被放血，收集相关器官、重要体液如胆汁以及肌肉和脂肪组织等组织，以及厌氧标本硬脑膜和玻璃体。经水解和固相萃取后，通过LC-MS/MS进行分析。为了克服LC-MS/MS分析的基质效应，采用标准加入法进行定量。除了在大脑中没有检测到THC之外，母化合物在每一个分析标本中都能被检测到。中等浓度的物质存在于生物作用部位的大脑中。代谢物浓度在参与代谢和/或排泄的组织中最高。除了在死后毒理学中例行分析的肾脏和肺部外，大脑、脂肪和肌肉组织可以作为替代来源，特别是如果其他标本不可用的话。胆汁是最适合检测SCs和THC代谢物的标本。

Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) have become an increasing issue in forensic toxicology. Controlled human studies evaluating pharmacokinetic data of SCs are lacking and only few animal studies have been published. Thus, an interpretation of analytical results found in intoxicated or poisoned individuals is difficult. Therefore, the distribution of two selected SCs, namely 4-ethylnaphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH-210) and 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(1- pentyl-indol-3-yl)methanone (RCS-4) as well as delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as reference were examined in pigs. Pigs (n = 6 per drug) received a single intravenous 200 ug/kg BW dose of JWH-210, RCS- 4, or THC. Six hours after administration, the animals were exsanguinated and relevant organs, important body fluids such as bile, and tissues such as muscle and adipose tissue, as well as the bradytrophic specimens dura and vitreous humor were collected. After hydrolysis and solid phase extraction, analysis was performed by LC-MS/MS. To overcome matrix effects of the LC-MS/MS analysis, a standard addition method was applied for quantification. The parent compounds could be detected in every analyzed specimen with the exception of THC that was not present in dura and vitreous humor. Moderate concentrations were present in brain, the site of biological effect. Metabolite concentrations were highest in tissues involved in metabolism and/or elimination. Besides kidneys and lungs routinely analyzed in postmortem toxicology, brain, adipose, and muscle tissue could serve as alternative sources, particularly if other specimens are not available. Bile fluid is the most appropriate specimen for SCs and THC metabolites detection.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  吲哚 在 二甲基氯化铝 、 三氟乙酸酐 作用下， 以 正己烷 、 二氯甲烷 、 三氟乙酸 为溶剂， 反应 35.0h， 生成 (4-甲氧基苯基)(1-戊基-1H-吲哚-3-基)甲酮
  参考文献：
  名称：

  广泛中和合成大麻素疫苗

  摘要：

  合成大麻素 (SC) 是构成主要公共卫生风险的精神活性物质的重要组成部分。由于 SCs 种类繁多，主动免疫产生的广泛中和抗体提供了一种有趣的途径来对抗大麻素使用障碍。在这里，我们探讨了针对两类 SCs 的抗体亲和力和交叉反应性的半抗原设计。在筛选的 10 个半抗原中，3 个疫苗组显示亚微摩尔 IC 50，每个针对我们的 22 种药物中的 5-6 种化合物。此外，当通过电子烟或腹腔注射给药时，SCs 被成功隔离，这在动物模型中通过观察运动、体温和药代动力学得到证实。我们还发现了通过混合疫苗方法同时减弱两种药物类别的协同效应。总的来说，我们的研究为开发针对 SCs 的疫苗提供了全面的基础。

  DOI：

  10.1021/jacsau.0c00057

文献信息

• Detection of synthetic cannabinoids
  申请人：Randox Laboratories Ltd.

  公开号：EP2698384A1

  公开（公告）日：2014-02-19

  The invention describes methods and kits for detecting and determining current and future synthetic cannabinoids from the JWH and RCS families. Unique antibodies derived from immunogens enable said methods and kits.

  该发明描述了检测和确定来自JWH和RCS家族的当前和未来合成大麻素的方法和试剂盒。由免疫原衍生的独特抗体使这些方法和试剂盒成为可能。
• Detection of Synthetic Cannabinoids
  申请人：Fitzgerald Stephen Peter

  公开号：US20130196354A1

  公开（公告）日：2013-08-01

  The invention describes methods and kits for detecting and determining current and future synthetic cannabinoids from the JWH and RCS families. Unique antibodies derived from novel immunogens enable said methods and kits.

  该发明描述了检测和确定当前和未来JWH和RCS家族合成大麻素的方法和试剂盒。从新型免疫原中获得的独特抗体使这些方法和试剂盒成为可能。
• Nuclear magnetic resonance implemented synthetic indole and indazole cannabinoid detection, identification, and quantification
  申请人：HOFSTRA UNIVERSITY

  公开号：US11085891B2

  公开（公告）日：2021-08-10

  The present invention provides a method for detecting synthetic indole and indazole cannabinoids in a sample known or suspected to contain a synthetic indole or indazole cannabinoid in the absence of chromatography. A deuterated solvent is added to the solid sample, creating a suspension. The synthetic cannabinoid is detected in the suspension by analysis of the sample NMR spectrum. When one-dimensional proton NMR is used, detection of a first peak between 8.00 and 8.50 ppm and a second peak between 4.00 and 4.40 ppm, indicates the presence of a synthetic indole or indazole cannabinoid. When two-dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY) NMR is used, detection of a first spot between 6.50 and 9.00 ppm and a second spot between 1.50 and 4.50 ppm indicates the presence of a synthetic indole or indazole cannabinoid.

  本发明提供了一种在不使用色谱法的情况下检测已知或怀疑含有合成吲哚或吲唑大麻素的样品中合成吲哚和吲唑大麻素的方法。向固体样品中加入氚代溶剂，形成悬浮液。通过分析样品的 NMR 光谱来检测悬浮液中的合成大麻素。使用一维质子核磁共振时，如果检测到 8.00 至 8.50 ppm 之间的第一个峰和 4.00 至 4.40 ppm 之间的第二个峰，则表明存在合成吲哚或吲唑大麻素。当使用二维相关光谱（COSY）核磁共振时，检测到 6.50 至 9.00 ppm 之间的第一个光斑和 1.50 至 4.50 ppm 之间的第二个光斑，表明存在合成吲哚或吲唑大麻素。
• NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE BASED SYNTHETIC INDOLE AND INDAZOLE CANNABINOID DETECTION, IDENTIFICATION, AND QUANTIFICATION
  申请人：Hofstra University

  公开号：EP2989452B1

  公开（公告）日：2021-09-29
• SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR COLLECTING, TRANSPORTING AND REPURPOSING OR DESTROYING UNUSED PHARMACEUTICALS
  申请人：Sharps Compliance, Inc.

  公开号：US20150152348A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-06-04

  Systems and methods implementing the systems including a facility including a plurality of collection apparatuses distributed in the facility for ease of collection and transportation. The system also includes transportation subsystems for shipping filled inner containers to a processing subsystem and for transporting a fuel material or a land fillable material to incineration or landfill subsystems. The systems may also include a monitoring subsystem for monitoring the deployed collection apparatuses, inner containers, the fuel material and the land fillable material.