Method for the Production of N-Substituted (3-Dihalomethyl-1-Methyl-Pyrazole-4-yl) Carboxamides
申请人:Zierke Thomas
公开号:US20100174094A1
公开(公告)日:2010-07-08
The present invention relates to a process for preparing N-substituted (3-dihalomethylpyrazol-4-yl)carboxamides of the formula (I)
in which R
1
is optionally substituted phenyl or C
3
-C
7
-cycloalkyl, R
1a
is hydrogen or fluorine, or R
1a
together with R
1
is optionally substituted C
3
-C
5
-alkanediyl or C
5
-C
7
-cycloalkanediyl, R
2
is C
1
-C
6
-alkyl, C
2
-C
6
-alkenyl, C
2
-C
6
-alkynyl or C
1
-C
4
-alkoxy-C
1
-C
2
-alkyl, X is F or Cl and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; which comprises
A) providing a compound of the formula (II)
in which X is F or Cl, Y is Cl or Br and R
2
has one of the meanings given above and
B) reacting a compound of the formula (II) with carbon monoxide and a compound of the formula (III)
in which R
1
, R
1a
and n have one of the meanings given above; in the presence of a palladium catalyst;
to intermediates used for the preparation according to the process according to the invention, and also to processes for their preparation.
Phosphate and Calcium Uptake by Rat Odontoblast-Like MRPC-1 Cells Concomitant With Mineralization
作者:P. Lundquist、H. H. Ritchie、K. Moore、T. Lundgren、A. Linde
DOI:10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.10.1801
日期:——
It has been suggested that odontoblasts are instrumental in translocating Ca2+ and inorganic phosphate (Pi) ions during the mineralization of dentin. The aim of this study was to characterize cellular Pi and Ca2+ uptake in the novel rat odontoblast‐like cell line mineralizing rat pulpal cell line (MRPC) 1 during mineralization to see if changes in the ion transport activity would occur as the cultures develop and begin forming a mineralized matrix. MRPC‐1 cells were cultured in chemically defined medium containing ascorbate and Pi, and cultures were specifically analyzed for cellular Pi and Ca2+ uptake activities and expression of type II high‐capacity Na+‐Pi cotransporters. The odontoblast‐like phenotype of the cell line was ascertained by monitoring the expression of collagen type I and dentin phosphopoprotein (DPP). Mineralized nodule formation started at day 9 after confluency and then rapidly increased. Ca2+ uptake by the cells showed a maximum during the end of the proliferative phase (days 5–7). Pi uptake declined to a basal level during proliferation and then was up‐regulated simultaneously with the onset of mineralization to a level fourfold of the basal uptake, suggesting an initiating and regulatory role for cellular Pi uptake in mineral formation. This up‐regulation coincided with a conspicuously increased glycosylation of NaPi‐2a, indicating an activation of this Na+‐Pi cotransporter. The study showed that MRPC‐1 cells express an odontoblast‐like phenotype already at the onset of culture, but that to mineralize the collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM) that formed, a further differentiation involving their ion transporters is necessary.