The Effect on Attribute Prediction of Location Uncertainty in Spatial Data
摘要:
A datum is considered spatial if it contains location information. Typically, there is also attribute information, whose distribution depends on its location. Thus, error in location information can lead to error in attribute information, which is reflected ultimately in the inference drawn from the data. We propose a statistical model for incorporating location error into spatial data analysis. We investigate the effect of location error on the spatial lag, the covariance function, and optimal spatial linear prediction (that is, kriging). We show that the form of kriging after adjusting for location error is the same as that of kriging without adjusting for location error. However, location error changes entries in the matrix of explanatory variables, the matrix of co‐variances between the sample sites, and the vector of covariances between the sample sites and the prediction location. We investigate, through simulation, the effect that varying trend, measurement error, location error, range of spatial dependence, sample size, and prediction location have on kriging after and without adjusting for location error. When the location error is large, kriging after adjusting for location error performs markedly better than kriging without adjusting for location error, in terms of both the prediction bias and the mean squared prediction error.
A comparative study of the Diels-Alderreaction have been carried out for three types of cyclic dienes: cyclopentadiene (CPD), hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HCP), and tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone (TCBQ) with dienophiles of five types: monosubstituted acetylenes (propargyl alcohol and its esters), conjugated amines (allyl acetylene, allyl ethynyldimethylcarbonol and its esters), conjugated dienes (2-methylhexadiene-3
已对三种类型的环状二烯进行Diels-Alder反应的比较研究:环戊二烯(CPD),六氯环戊二烯(HCP)和四氯-1,2-苯醌(TCBQ)与五种亲二烯体:单取代乙炔(炔丙醇及其酯),共轭胺(烯丙基乙炔,烯丙基乙炔基二甲基碳醇及其酯),共轭二烯(2-甲基己二烯-3,5-ol-2及其酯,1-乙氧基和1-乙氧基羰基丁二烯-1,3 )和共轭三烯(hexatriene-1,3,5 and 5-methylhexatriene-1,3,5)。
Synthesis of cyclopropanes by the reaction of olefins with dialkylzinc and methylene iodide
作者:J. Furukawa、N. Kawabata、J. Nishimura
DOI:10.1016/0040-4020(68)89007-6
日期:1968.1
A novel synthetic route to cyclopropanes by the reaction of olefins with dialkylzinc and methylene iodide is described. The essential feature of the reaction is similar to that of the Simmons-Smith reaction which involves the treatment of olefins with methylene iodide and zinc-copper couple. However, the novel route gives cyclopropanes more easily and is particularly suitable for the conversion of
Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of Simple Allyloxy and Allylamino Compounds and of 1-Oxy-1,3-butadienes with Diazomethane
作者:Yu. V. Tomilov、A. B. Kostitsyn、E. V. Shulishov、O. M. Nefedov
DOI:10.1055/s-1990-26844
日期:——
(Alkoxymethyl)-, (aminomethyl)-, (2-alkoxyethenyl)-, (2-acetoxyethenyl)-, and (2-siloxyethenyl)cyclopropanes are obtained in high yields by reaction of allyl alcohol or derivatives, allylamines, 1-alkoxy-, 1-acetoxy-, and 1-trimethylsiloxy-1,3-butadienes with diazomethane in dichloromethane/diethyl ether in the presence of bis(benzonitrile)palladium dichloride.
Khusid, A. Kh.; Sorokina, N. Yu., Journal of Organic Chemistry USSR (English Translation), 1983, vol. 19, p. 235 - 237
作者:Khusid, A. Kh.、Sorokina, N. Yu.
DOI:——
日期:——
Shermolovich, Yu. G.; Pazenok, S. V.; Slyusarenko, E. I., Journal of Organic Chemistry USSR (English Translation), 1990, vol. 26, # 10.2, p. 1909 - 1913
作者:Shermolovich, Yu. G.、Pazenok, S. V.、Slyusarenko, E. I.、Markovskii, L. N.