Lithiophenylalkyllithiums: new dilithium reagents having both sp2- and sp3-hybridised remote carbanionic centres
摘要:
The reaction of chloro-(2-chloroethyl)benzenes (1), 4-chloro-(3-chloropropyl)benzene (3) or 4-chlorophenyl chloromethyl ether (5) with lithium power using naphthalene as the electron shuttle (8 mol%) in the presence of different carbonyl compounds [Bu'CHO, PhCHO, Me2CO, Et2CO, (CH2)(5)CO, PhCOMe] in THF at -78 to 20 degreesC gives, after hydrolysis with water, the expected diols 2, 4 or 6, respectively. Bromo-2-(chloroethyl)benzenes (7) are treated with n-BuLi in THF at -100 degreesC, so the corresponding bromine-lithium exchanges takes place giving an intermediate, which is trapped by treatment with benzaldehyde or cyclohexanone, affording intermediates 9, which are submitted to a naphthalene-catalysed (8 mol%) lithiation with lithium power as above, followed by reaction with 3-pentanone and final hydrolysis with water, to give differently substituted diols 10. Some diols 2 are transformed into either the corresponding oxepane 11 or dienes 12 under Mitsunobu type conditions or by acidic treatment, respectively. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
sigma Receptor antagonists may be effective antipsychotic drugs that do not induce motor side effects caused by ingestion of classical drugs such as haloperidol. We obtained evidence that 1-(2-dipropylaminoethyl)-4-methoxy-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran hydrochloride 2a had selective affinity for sigma receptor over dopamine D2 receptor. This compound was designed to eliminate two bonds of apomorphine 1 to produce
[EN] PPARG MODULATORS FOR TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS<br/>[FR] MODULATEURS DE PPARG POUR LE TRAITEMENT DE L'OSTÉOPOROSE
申请人:SCRIPPS RESEARCH INST
公开号:WO2015161108A1
公开(公告)日:2015-10-22
The invention provides methods of treatment of a progressive bone disease, such as osteoporosis, Paget's Disease, multiple myeloma, or hyperparathyroidism, comprising administration of an effective amount of a non-agonist PPARG modulator to a patient afflicted with the disease.
The invention provides molecular entities that bind with high affinity to PPARG (PPARγ), and inhibit kinase-mediated (e.g., cdk5-mediated) phosphorylation of PPARG, but do not exert an agonistic effect on PPARG. Compounds of the invention can be used for treatment of conditions in patients wherein PPARG plays a role, such as diabetes, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, pre-diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, or inflammation. Side effects such as significant weight gain, edema, impairment of bone growth or formation, or cardiac hypertrophy, or any combination thereof, can be avoided in the mammal receiving the compound. Methods of preparation of the compounds, bioassay methods for evaluating compounds of the invention as non-agonistic PPARG binding compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions are also provided.
Photoexcited arylketones catalyze the direct chlorination of C(sp3)–H groups by N- chlorosuccinimide. Acetophenone is the most effective catalyst for functionalization of unactivated C–H groups while benzophenone provides better yields for benzylic C–H functionalization. Activation of both acetophenone and benzophenone can be achieved by irradiation with a household compact fluorescent lamp. This light-dependent