Alcohol Drinkers Overreport Their Energy Intake in the BIRNH Study: Evaluation by 24-Hour Urinary Excretion of Cations
摘要:
Objective: Alcohol drinkers are generally considered to underreport their alcohol intake, but little is known about whether they correctly report their energy intake (EI). We assessed the validity of the reported energy intake of alcohol drinkers using the 24-hour urinary (U) excretion of potassium (K) and sodium (Na) as biomarkers.Methods: A total of 2,124 men and 1,998 women 25 to 74 years of age with a 24-hour urine collection. a random sample of the Belgian Interuniversity Research on Nutrition and Health (BIRNH), were studied. Dietary intake (D), including alcohol consumption, was assessed by a one-day food record, Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was predicted from age gender and weight. As a measure for the degree of reporting error. D-K/U-K, D-Na/U-Na, EI/U-K, Non-alcohol EI/U-Na (NAEI/U-Na), Ei/U-Na, EVU-creatinine and EI/BMR ratios were calculated and compared among non-, moderate and heavy drinkers in both genders.Results: El, NAEI and all seven ratios examined generally increased with the level of alcohol intake in both genders. After adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking and educational level, most ratios were significantly higher in moderate drinkers (p < 0.02 to p < 0.0001) and in heavy drinkers (all p < 0.0001) than in non-drinkers. These differences were most significant in male heavy drinkers. The exceptions were D-K/U-K. D-Na/U-Na and NAEI/U-Na in moderate and female heavy drinkers and EI/U-K in male moderate drinkers. The estimated amount of the overreporting of El by heavy drinkers was 27.8% in men and 13.7% in women.Conclusions: This study provides evidence that El and NAEI obtained from the BIRNH study was overreported among alcohol drinkers, especially among male heavy drinkers. It also indicates that El from alcohol replaced El from food.
Friedel-Crafts Aralkylation. II. The AlCl<sub>3</sub>·CH<sub>3</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>-catalyzed Phenethylation of Benzene and Toluene with 2-Arylethyl Chlorides in a Nitromethane Solution
作者:Makoto Ichii
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.45.2810
日期:1972.9
attack by the aromatic substrate on the phenethyl chloride-catalyst system is proposed for the reactions. Competitive phenethylations of benzene and toluene were also carried out at 50°C. Both the isomerdistribution and the relative reactivity of toluene to benzene are affected by the ring-substituents, the effects of which are correlated closer with the substrate selectivity. These results suggest
General and selective homogeneous Ru-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation, deuteration, and methylation of functional compounds using methanol
作者:Murugan Subaramanian、Ganesan Sivakumar、Vinod G. Landge、Rohit Kumar、Kishore Natte、Rajenahally V. Jagadeesh、Ekambaram Balaraman
DOI:10.1016/j.jcat.2023.06.035
日期:2023.9
pharmaceuticals such as d-Cloperastine, d-Buclizine, d-Diphendyarmine, d-Modafinil, and d-Adrafinil using CD3OD. In addition, the application of methanol as a C1 source for the preparation of N-methylated products is showcased. Finally, kinetic and mechanisticinvestigations for this Ru-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation and deuteration protocols have been performed.
有机合成和能源技术中甲醇的催化增值对于基础研究和工业应用来说都是有趣且重要的。特别是,它作为氢、氘和甲基源用于选择性还原和氘化反应以及获得N-甲基化产物是非常理想的,并且可以被认为是放大转移氢化和C1化学的潜在方法。在这里,我们报道了均相 Ru-MACHO 配合物催化不同官能化化合物(如酮、醛、炔烃、烯烃、亚胺、偶氮苯和硝基化合物)的转移氢化以及N的脱氧使用甲醇作为负担得起的氢供体和溶剂的氧化物衍生物。这种基于钌的策略已被证明对于合成先进氘标记化合物的氘化过程非常方便,包括克级合成氘代药物,如d-氯哌斯汀、d-布克利嗪、d-苯地亚明、d-莫达非尼和d -Adrafinil 使用 CD 3 OD。此外,还展示了甲醇作为C1源用于制备N-甲基化产物的应用。最后,对这种钌催化的转移氢化和氘化方案进行了动力学和机理研究。
Organic electroluminescent materials and devices
申请人:Universal Display Corporation
公开号:US10941170B2
公开(公告)日:2021-03-09
The present invention includes novel hexadentate metal complexes. The complexes hexadentate ligands of the present invention may be useful as improved emitters in an OLED device.
本发明包括新型六价金属配合物。本发明的六价配体络合物可用作 OLED 设备中的改进型发光体。
Chemistry of the tert-butyl radical: polar character, .rho. value for reaction with toluenes, and the effect of radical polarity on the ratio of benzylic hydrogen abstraction to addition to aromatic rings
作者:William A. Pryor、Felicia Y. Tang、Robert H. Tang、Daniel F. Church
DOI:10.1021/ja00374a031
日期:1982.5
Structure of .omega.-arylalkyl radicals: a carbon-13 CIDNP investigation
作者:George A. Olah、V. V. Krishnamurthy、Brij P. Singh、Pradeep S. Iyer