Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Thiazolyl-bis-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines and Indolyl-thiazolyl-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridines, Nortopsentin Analogues
作者:Anna Carbone、Barbara Parrino、Gloria Vita、Alessandro Attanzio、Virginia Spanò、Alessandra Montalbano、Paola Barraja、Luisa Tesoriere、Maria Livrea、Patrizia Diana、Girolamo Cirrincione
DOI:10.3390/md13010460
日期:——
Two new series of nortopsentin analogues, in which the imidazole ring of the natural product was replaced by thiazole and indole units were both substituted by 7-azaindole moieties or one indole unit was replaced by a 6-azaindole portion, were efficiently synthesized. Compounds belonging to both series inhibited the growth of HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells at low micromolar concentrations, whereas they did not affect the viability of normal-like intestinal cells. A compound of the former series induced apoptosis, evident as externalization of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine (PS), and changes of mitochondrial trans-membrane potential, while blocking the cell cycle in G2/M phase. In contrast, a derivative of the latter series elicited distinct responses in accordance with the dose. Thus, low concentrations (GI30) induced morphological changes characteristic of autophagic death with massive formation of cytoplasmic acid vacuoles without apparent loss of nuclear material, and with arrest of cell cycle at the G1 phase, whereas higher concentrations (GI70) induced apoptosis with arrest of cell cycle at the G1 phase.
两种新的nortopsentin类似物系列被高效合成,其中天然产物的咪唑环被噻唑取代,吲哚单元被7-氮杂吲哚部分替换,或者一个吲哚单元被6-氮杂吲哚部分替换。这两类化合物都能在低微摩尔浓度下抑制HCT-116结直肠癌细胞的生长,而对正常肠道细胞的生存力没有影响。前一系列中的一个化合物诱导细胞凋亡,表现为细胞膜磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)的外翻和线粒体跨膜电位的改变,同时阻滞细胞周期在G2/M期。相反,后一系列的一个衍生物在不同剂量下引发不同的反应。因此,低浓度(GI30)引起细胞形态变化,表现出自噬性死亡的特征,伴随大量胞质酸性空泡的形成,而无明显的核物质损失,并阻滞细胞周期在G1期;而在更高浓度(GI70)下则诱导凋亡,同样阻滞细胞周期在G1期。