Direct Nitrosation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Ethers with the Electrophilic Nitrosonium Cation
摘要:
Various polymethylbenzenes and anisoles are selectively nitrosated with the electrophilic nitrosonium salt NO+ BFI4- in good conversions and yields under mild conditions in which the conventional procedure (based on nitrite neutralization with strong acid) is ineffective. The reactivity patterns in acetonitrile deduced from the various time/conversions in Tables 2 and 3 indicate that aromatic nitrosation is distinctly different from those previously established for electrophilic aromatic nitration. The contrasting behavior of NO+ in aromatic nitrosation is ascribed to a rate-limiting deprotonation of the reversibly formed Wheland intermediate, which in the case of aromatic nitration with NO2+ occurs with no deuterium kinetic isotope effect. Aromatic nitroso derivatives (unlike the nitro counterpart) are excellent electron donors that are subject to a reversible one-electron oxidation at positive potentials significantly less than that of the parent polymethylbenzene or anisole. As a result, the series of nitrosobenzenes are also much better Bronsted bases than the corresponding nitro derivatives, and this marked distinction, therefore, accounts for the large differentiation in the deprotonation rates of their respective conjugate acids (i.e. Wheland intermediates).
Novel compounds of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, metabolites thereof, isomers thereof, enantiomers thereof or prodrugs thereof of Formula (I)
wherein the substituents are as defined herein, which are useful as therapeutic agents.
Phosphoramidate alkylator prodrugs can be used to treat cancer when administered along or in combination with one or more anti-neoplastic agents.
磷酰胺酰化烷基化剂前药可以在单独或与一个或多个抗肿瘤剂联合使用时用于治疗癌症。
Direct Nitrosation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Ethers with the Electrophilic Nitrosonium Cation
作者:Eric Bosch、Jay K. Kochi
DOI:10.1021/jo00098a015
日期:1994.9
Various polymethylbenzenes and anisoles are selectively nitrosated with the electrophilic nitrosonium salt NO+ BFI4- in good conversions and yields under mild conditions in which the conventional procedure (based on nitrite neutralization with strong acid) is ineffective. The reactivity patterns in acetonitrile deduced from the various time/conversions in Tables 2 and 3 indicate that aromatic nitrosation is distinctly different from those previously established for electrophilic aromatic nitration. The contrasting behavior of NO+ in aromatic nitrosation is ascribed to a rate-limiting deprotonation of the reversibly formed Wheland intermediate, which in the case of aromatic nitration with NO2+ occurs with no deuterium kinetic isotope effect. Aromatic nitroso derivatives (unlike the nitro counterpart) are excellent electron donors that are subject to a reversible one-electron oxidation at positive potentials significantly less than that of the parent polymethylbenzene or anisole. As a result, the series of nitrosobenzenes are also much better Bronsted bases than the corresponding nitro derivatives, and this marked distinction, therefore, accounts for the large differentiation in the deprotonation rates of their respective conjugate acids (i.e. Wheland intermediates).