2,5-二羟基-2,5-二甲基-环己烷-1,4-二酮 | 412320-86-6

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机氧化合物
• 中文名称: 2,5-二羟基-2,5-二甲基-环己烷-1,4-二酮
• 英文名称: 2,5-dihydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-cyclohexane-1,4-dione
• 英文别名: 2,5-Dihydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-cyclohexan-1,4-dion；2,5-dihydroxy-2,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,4-dione
• CAS: 412320-86-6
• 化学式: C₈H₁₂O₄
• 分子量: 172.181
• InChiKey: WZNJZAYTIJNVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -1.4
• 重原子数：
  12
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.75
• 拓扑面积：
  74.6
• 氢给体数：
  2
• 氢受体数：
  4

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  乙氧基羰酰异氰酸酯 、 2,5-二羟基-2,5-二甲基-环己烷-1,4-二酮 生成 μ-imido-dicarbonic acid ethyl ester-(4-hydroxy-1,4-dimethyl-2,5-dioxo-cyclohexyl ester)
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Diels; Blanchard; v. d. Heyden, Chemische Berichte, 1914, vol. 47, p. 2357

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  2,3-丁二酮 在 氢氧化钾 作用下， 生成 2,5-二羟基-2,5-二甲基-环己烷-1,4-二酮
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Is it possible to decrease antibiotic prescribing in primary care? An analysis of outcomes in the management of patients with sore throats

  摘要：

  研究目的本研究旨在评估通过引入循证方案治疗喉咙痛是否有可能改变临床实践。研究还评估了改变临床实践对患者的影响。我们开展了一项观察性研究，比较了一家半农村全科诊所（14000 名患者）在引入循证方案前后采用多学科方法对喉咙痛患者的治疗情况。所有以喉咙痛为主要主诉的 2 岁以上患者都被纳入了这项为期两个 6 个月的研究：研究为期 6 个月，分别为 1997 年 2 月至 7 月（435 人）和 1998 年 2 月至 7 月（350 人）。对抗生素处方率、就诊率和复诊率、咽痛持续时间、镇痛要求和满意度进行了评估。结果发现，抗生素处方在第二阶段明显减少（56% 对 19%）。第二阶段的复诊率下降了 19%。两组的咽喉痛康复天数中位数相同。两组的复诊率和不满意率相同。采用多学科方法可以显著减少喉咙痛的抗生素处方，而不会对治疗效果产生不利影响。

  DOI：

  10.1093/fampra/18.1.9

文献信息

• What Women and Men Should Be, Shouldn't be, are Allowed to be, and don't Have to Be: The Contents of Prescriptive Gender Stereotypes
  作者：Deborah A. Prentice、Erica Carranza

  DOI：10.1111/1471-6402.t01-1-00066

  日期：2002.12

  This article presents a four-category framework to characterize the contents of prescriptive gender stereotypes. The framework distinguishes between prescriptions and proscriptions that are intensified by virtue of one's gender, and those that are relaxed by virtue of one's gender. Two studies examined the utility of this framework for characterizing prescriptive gender stereotypes in American society (Study 1) and in the highly masculine context of Princeton University (Study 2). The results demonstrated the persistence of traditional gender prescriptions in both contexts, but also revealed distinct areas of societal vigilance and leeway for each gender. In addition, they showed that women are seen more positively, relative to societal standards, than are men. We consider the implications of this framework for research on reactions to gender stereotype deviants and sex discrimination.

  本文提出了一个四类框架，用于描述规范性性别刻板印象的内容。该框架区分了因为一个人的性别而加强的规定和禁忌，以及因为一个人的性别而放松的规定和禁忌。两项研究考察了这个框架在美国社会（第一项研究）和普林斯顿大学这个高度男性化的环境中（第二项研究）描述规范性性别刻板印象的效用。结果显示了传统性别规定在两个环境中的持续存在，但也揭示了每种性别在社会警惕和宽容方面的明显区别。此外，结果表明相对于社会标准，女性被看待得更积极，而男性则相反。我们考虑了这个框架对于研究对性别刻板印象异类和性别歧视反应的影响。
• Venus-Danilowa; Kasimirowa, Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, 1946, vol. 16, p. 2103
  作者：Venus-Danilowa、Kasimirowa

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• Is it possible to decrease antibiotic prescribing in primary care? An analysis of outcomes in the management of patients with sore throats
  作者：C. M Cox、M. Jones

  DOI：10.1093/fampra/18.1.9

  日期：2001.1.1

  Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess whether it was possible to change clinical practice through the introduction of an evidence-based protocol for the management of sore throats. The impact of the changed clinical practice on patients was also assessed.Method. An observational study was carried out comparing management of patients with sore throats in a semi-rural general practice (14 000 patients), before and after the introduction of an evidence-based protocol, using a multidisciplinary approach. All patients over the age of 2 years presenting with sore throats as their chief presenting complaint were included in the study which ran for two 6-month periods: February–July 1997 (n = 435) and February–July 1998 (n = 350). Antibiotic prescribing rates, consultation and reconsultation rates, duration of sore throat, analgesia requirements and satisfaction were assessed.Results. Antibiotic prescribing was significantly reduced in period 2 (56% compared with 19%). Consultation rates decreased by 19% in period 2. Median number of days to recovery of sore throats was the same in both groups. Reconsultation rates and dissatisfaction rates were the same in both groups.Conclusion. Using a multidisciplinary approach, it is possible to reduce antibiotic prescribing for sore throats significantly without adversely affecting outcome.

  研究目的本研究旨在评估通过引入循证方案治疗喉咙痛是否有可能改变临床实践。研究还评估了改变临床实践对患者的影响。我们开展了一项观察性研究，比较了一家半农村全科诊所（14000 名患者）在引入循证方案前后采用多学科方法对喉咙痛患者的治疗情况。所有以喉咙痛为主要主诉的 2 岁以上患者都被纳入了这项为期两个 6 个月的研究：研究为期 6 个月，分别为 1997 年 2 月至 7 月（435 人）和 1998 年 2 月至 7 月（350 人）。对抗生素处方率、就诊率和复诊率、咽痛持续时间、镇痛要求和满意度进行了评估。结果发现，抗生素处方在第二阶段明显减少（56% 对 19%）。第二阶段的复诊率下降了 19%。两组的咽喉痛康复天数中位数相同。两组的复诊率和不满意率相同。采用多学科方法可以显著减少喉咙痛的抗生素处方，而不会对治疗效果产生不利影响。
• Diels; Blanchard; v. d. Heyden, Chemische Berichte, 1914, vol. 47, p. 2357
  作者：Diels、Blanchard、v. d. Heyden

  DOI：——

  日期：——