3,6-dihexylphthalonitrile | 125773-72-0

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯类化合物 - 苯和取代衍生物
• 英文名称: 3,6-dihexylphthalonitrile
• 英文别名: 3,6-Dihexylbenzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile
• CAS: 125773-72-0
• 化学式: C₂₀H₂₈N₂
• 分子量: 296.456
• InChiKey: VIWWTQKKFYUIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  7.3
• 重原子数：
  22
• 可旋转键数：
  10
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.6
• 拓扑面积：
  47.6
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  2

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  3,6-dihexylphthalonitrile 在 氨 、 sodium methylate 作用下， 以 甲醇 为溶剂， 反应 168.0h， 以72%的产率得到4,7-di(hexyl)-1,3-dihydro-1,3-diiminoisoindoline
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Study of Substituent Effects on the Photoconductivity of Soluble 2,(3)- and 1,(4)-Substituted Phthalocyaninato- and Naphthalocyaninatotitanium(IV) Oxides

  摘要：

  Soluble alkyl (II, 8a,b), fluoroalkyl,(4a), and fluoroalkoxy (4b,c, 8c) 1,(4)- or 2,(3)-substituted phthalocyaninato- and linear 2,(3)- and-angular 1,(2)-annulated naphthalocyaninatotitanium(IV) oxides 10, 12, and 14 were synthesized and characterized with regard to their spectroscopic, photophysical, and photochemical properties. While alkyl- and fluoroalkoxy-substituted compounds are highly soluble in nonpolar solvents, e.g., hexane, fluoroalkyl-substituted compounds are better soluble in polar aprotic solvents such as acetone. The stability against photooxidation in solution is' enhanced on going-from alkylated phthalocyanines 1,(4)-(C(5)H(11))(8)PcTiO (8a), 1,(4)-(C(6)H(13))(8)PcTiO (4b), and 2,(3)-(C(4)H(9))(8)PcTiO (II) to fluorinated phthalocyanines 2,(3)-(CF(3))(4)PcTiO (4a), 2,(3)-(CF(3)CH(2)O)(4)PcTiO (4b), and 2,(3)-(CF(3)CH(2)O)(8)PcTiO (4c), from phthalocyanines to naphthalocyanines (tert-butyl)(4)-2,(3)-NcTiO (10), 1,(2)-NcTiO (12), and (tert-butyl)(4)-1,(2)-NdTiO (14), and on going from 2,(3)-substituted 4a-c to 1,(4)-substituted phthalocyanines 8a-c. Thin films of these compounds, prepared by either vacuum deposition or spin casting, are classified into three types according to increasing intermolecular pi-pi interactions. Type alpha films, characterized:by absence of exciton splitting, are formed from 1,(4)-substituted phthalocyanines 8a-c. These films show low dark conductivities and photoconductivities and are considerably sensitive to photooxidation. Type beta films, characterized by weak exciton splitting, are formed from fluorinated phthalocyanines 4a-c as well as from rapidly deposited 2,(3)-substituted phthalocyanines II and the unsubstituted PcTiO (I). These films show enhanced photoconductivity and are generally more stable against photooxidation than type alpha films. Type gamma films, formed by slow deposition of II, 10 and unsubstituted phthalocyanine I, are classified by a largely red-shifted B-band absorbing in the near-IR. These films are highly photosensitive as well as stabilized against photooxidation. Steady-state photoconductivities and dark conductivities in thin films are strongly dependent on oxygen partial pressure. Alkylated PcTiO's such as 8a, 8b, and II are found to be p-type conductors (positive oxygen influence on conductivities) like unsubstituted PcTiO (I), whereas angularly annulated naphthalocyanines such as 12 and 14 as well as fluorinated PcTiO's 4a-c are n-type conductors (negative oxygen influence on conductivity). These findings are rationalized by comparison with experimental and theoretical literature data.

  DOI：

  10.1021/ja981644y
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  3,6-二羟基邻苯二甲腈 在 2,6-二甲基吡啶 、 bis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II) chloride 、 正丁基锂 、 三苯基膦 、 lithium chloride 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 、 正己烷 、 二氯甲烷 为溶剂， 反应 31.0h， 生成 3,6-dihexylphthalonitrile
  参考文献：
  名称：

  一些 3,6-二取代邻苯二甲腈的路线和从中衍生的酞菁实例：概述

  摘要：

  本文回顾了一些合成途径，这些途径提供了 3,6-二取代酞腈，这是合成 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-八取代酞菁衍生物的前体。评价了使用 Diels-Alder 反应合成 3,6-二烷基、3,6-二烷氧基甲基、3,6-二烯基和 3,6-二苯基邻苯二甲腈的早期路线。然而，审查的重点集中在 2,3-二氰基氢醌作为获得 3,6-二取代邻苯二甲腈的起始原料的范围和应用。使用 2,3-二氰基氢醌的最早例子涉及其 O-烷基化以提供 3,6-二烷氧基邻苯二甲腈。这些是近红外吸收酞菁衍生物的直接前体。2,3-二氰基氢醌的三氟甲磺酸化扩展了该化合物用于合成酞菁的范围；ñAr 反应并容易与硫醇反应生成 3,6-双（烷基硫烷基）和 3,6-双（芳基硫烷基）邻苯二甲腈。3,6-双（苯基硒基）邻苯二甲腈最近也从相同的前体中获得。从中获得的酞菁衍生物通常表现出强烈的红移 Q 波段吸收，该吸收对中心金属离子特别敏感。2

  DOI：

  10.1142/s108842461330005x

文献信息

• Perylenophthalocyanines
  作者：Andrew N. Cammidge、Hemant Gopee

  DOI：10.1002/chem.200600874

  日期：2006.11.15

  first perylenophthalocyanines have been synthesised using a Diels-Alder reaction between dialkylperylenes and fumaronitrile as the key step towards the dinitrile precursors. As expected the octaalkylperylenophthalocyanines show red-shifted absorption spectra. They are high melting solids that do not display mesophase behaviour at accessible temperatures. A 3:1 phthalocyanine/perylenophthalocyanine hybrid

  使用二烷基per和富马腈之间的Diels-Alder反应合成了第一个烯基酞菁，这是迈向二腈前体的关键步骤。如预期的那样，八烷基过烯基酞菁显示出红移的吸收光谱。它们是高熔点固体，在可达到的温度下不显示中间相行为。通过混合的大环化反应制备的3：1酞菁/ perenoenophthalocyanine杂化材料呈现出不同寻常的板状分子轮廓。它的最大吸收介于母体酞菁和对称的邻苯二酚酞菁之间。由于磁芯的对称性降低，该频谱显示了一个特征性的分离Q波段。该材料是非介晶的，但具有足够的可溶性，可以进行加工和表征。
• Synthesis and characterization of some octaalkyl substituted lead phthalocyanines and unexpected variations in lead lability arising from the position of substituents and their chain length
  作者：Lydia X. Sosa-Vargas、Isabelle Chambrier、Colin J. MacDonald、Simon J. Coles、Graham J. Tizzard、Andrew N. Cammidge、Michael J. Cook

  DOI：10.1142/s108842461350020x

  日期：2013.6

  The preparation of some peripherally substituted (2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24) and non-peripherally substituted (1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25) octaalkyl lead(II) phthalocyanines with different alkyl chain lengths (6, 7, 8 or 9 carbons) is described and a comparison of some of their properties reported. X-ray structure analyses of the isomeric peripheral and non-peripheral octakis(octyl)phthalocyaninato lead(II) compounds reveal a greater degree of distortion of the ligand ring system from planarity in the former derivative. The series of peripherally substituted octaalkyl lead(II) phthalocyanines exhibit columnar liquid crystal behavior whereas the non-peripherally substituted isomers do not. The lability of the lead ion was investigated using ¹ H NMR spectrometry under a specific set of conditions (8.8 × 10^-4 M solutions of the phthalocyanine in d₈-toluene containing d₄-acetic acid 2.06 × 10^-5 M). All the compounds underwent acid catalyzed demetalation at rates dependent upon the location of the substituents and, more surprisingly, the chain length of the alkyl groups. Under these conditions the lead ion within each of the peripherally substituted octaalkyl lead phthalocyanines was more labile than that in the non-peripherally substituted isomer.

  本文介绍了一些外周取代（2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24）和非外周取代（1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25）、具有不同烷基链长度（6、7、8 或 9 个碳原子）的八烷基酞菁铅（II）的制备方法，并对它们的一些性质进行了比较。对同分异构的外周和非外周辛基酞菁族铅（II）化合物的 X 射线结构分析表明，前者衍生物中配体环系统的平面变形程度更大。外周取代的八烷基酞菁铅（II）系列表现出柱状液晶行为，而非外周取代的异构体则没有。在一组特定条件下（酞菁在含有 2.06 × 10-5 M d4-乙酸的 d8-甲苯中的 8.8 × 10-4 M 溶液），使用 1 H NMR 光谱法研究了铅离子的稳定性。所有化合物都在酸催化下发生了脱金属反应，脱金属的速度取决于取代基的位置，更令人惊讶的是取决于烷基的链长。在这些条件下，外周取代的八烷基酞菁铅中的铅离子比非外周取代的异构体中的铅离子更易变。
• Phthalocyanine Analogues: Unexpectedly Facile Access to Non‐Peripherally Substituted Octaalkyl Tetrabenzotriazaporphyrins, Tetrabenzodiazaporphyrins, Tetrabenzomonoazaporphyrins and Tetrabenzoporphyrins
  作者：Andrew N. Cammidge、Isabelle Chambrier、Michael J. Cook、David L. Hughes、Muhibur Rahman、Lydia Sosa‐Vargas

  DOI：10.1002/chem.201002176

  日期：2011.3.7

  by reaction with benzyl and long‐chain alkyl Grignard reagents unexpectedly gave only the parent macrocycle unsubstituted at the meso position. The synthetic protocols are by far the most straightforward and convenient means to access these interesting, but scarcely studied, classes of material. The new series of substituted macrocyclic compounds, obtained as the metal‐free and magnesium‐ and copper(II)‐metallated

  已经实现了酞菁/苯并卟啉杂化结构的受控合成。我们报告了一种简单的方法，该方法通过用不同量的格氏试剂处理3,6-二烷基邻苯二甲腈来获得四苯并三氮杂卟啉（TBTAP），四苯并二氮杂卟啉（TBDAP），四苯并单氮杂卟啉（TBMAP）和四苯并卟啉（TBP）大环的非周边八烷基取代衍生物甲基溴。该范围的大环产物不是通过先前报道的格氏试剂与4-取代的邻苯二甲腈的相应反应或MeMgBr与4,5-二烷基邻苯二甲腈的反应而获得的。尝试形成介观通过用苄基和长链烷基格氏试剂反应从3,6-二烷基邻苯二甲腈取代TBTAP意外得到仅在未取代的母体大环内消旋位置。到目前为止，合成协议是访问这些有趣但很少研究的材料类别的最直接，最方便的方法。以无金属以及镁和铜（II）的金属化衍生物形式获得的一系列新的取代的大环化合物，其紫外/可见光谱的趋势与小林在其他地方所预测的一致。新家族的特征允许进一步的趋势被确定为中观氮原子被次甲基
• Catalytic epoxidation of stilbenes with non-peripherally alkyl substituted carbonyl ruthenium phthalocyanine complexes
  作者：Charles A. Enow、Charlene Marais、Barend C.B. Bezuidenhoudt

  DOI：10.1142/s1088424612500459

  日期：2012.4

  A number of novel carbonyl(1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octaalkylphthalocyaninato)-ruthenium(II) complexes were prepared by metal insertion with Ru₃(CO)₁₂. The new compounds have been characterized by¹H NMR,¹³C NMR, IR, UV-vis and mass spectroscopy. This study demonstrated that this type of complexes and specifically carbonyl(1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octahexylphthalo-cyaninato)ruthenium(II) and carbonyl[1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octa(2-cyclohexylethyl)phthalocyaninato]-ruthenium(II), exhibit high catalytic activity and stability in the epoxidation of stilbenes with 2,6-dichloropyridine N-oxide as oxidant.

  通过金属插入 Ru3(CO)12 制备了一些新型羰基（1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-八烷基酞菁）-钌（II）配合物。新化合物通过 1H NMR、13C NMR、IR、UV-vis 和质谱进行了表征。该研究表明，这类配合物，特别是羰基（1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-八己基邻苯二甲酰）钌（II）和羰基[1,4,8,11,15,18,22、和羰基[1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-八（2-环己基乙基）酞氰基]-钌（II）在以 2,6-二氯吡啶 N-氧化物为氧化剂的二苯乙烯环氧化反应中表现出较高的催化活性和稳定性。
• Design and synthesis of liquid crystalline phthalocyanines: combinations of substituents that promote the discotic nematic mesophase
  作者：Andrew D. Garland、Isabelle Chambrier、Andrew N. Cammidge、Michael J. Cook

  DOI：10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.006

  日期：2015.9

  exhibit only columnar mesophases, which is common among liquid crystalline phthalocyanines. However, four examples form the rare discotic nematic mesophase. A general structural feature is deduced in that this rare phase is favoured when the number of linking atoms in the hydroxyalkyl chain exceeds twice the number of carbon atoms in any one of the six common alkyl chains, disrupting the columnar packing

  一个同源系列的十四个无金属的1,4,8,11,15,18-六（烷基）-22-甲基-25-羟烷基酞菁衍生物可询问六个烷基链和促进热致向列液晶行为的羟烷基链的长度。除两种化合物外，所有化合物均形成中间相。其余八种化合物仅表现出柱状中间相，这在液晶酞菁中很常见。然而，四个例子形成了罕见的盘状向列中间相。推断出一般的结构特征是，当羟烷基链中的连接原子数超过六个普通烷基链中任何一个的碳原子数的两倍时，这种稀有相是有利的，从而破坏了柱状堆积排列。此外，