The kinetics of the reactions between 9,10-dimethylanthracene radical cation and 2,6-diethylpyridine (DEP) in dichloromethane–Bu4NPF6 (0.2 M) as well as that with 2,6-dimethylpyridine (LUT) in acetonitrile–Bu4NPF6 (0.1 M) were studied at temperatures ranging from 252 to 312 K. In the time period before steady-state was reached for both reaction systems at all temperatures, the apparent deuterium kinetic isotope effects (KIEapp) were observed to increase with extent of reaction. The KIEapp–extent of reaction profiles provide strong evidence for a two-step mechanism [eqns. (i),(ii)] consisting of reversible complex formation prior to rate determining proton transfer.(i) ArCH3+˙ + B ⇌ ArCH3+˙/B Keq = kf/kb(ii)
ArCH3+˙/B → ArCH2˙ + BH+ kp(iii) ArCH2˙ + ArCH3+˙ + B → Products fast
Resolution of the kinetics into the relevant microscopic rate constants resulted in real deuterium kinetic isotope effects (KIEreal) which are much larger than KIEapp and were observed to increase markedly with decreasing temperature. Values of KIEreal ranged from 62 to 247. It is concluded that a significant degree of quantum mechanical tunneling is involved for both reaction systems. Activation parameters for apparent and microscopic rate constants are discussed with reference to the proton tunneling effect.
研究了
9,10-二甲基蒽自由基阳离子与
2,6-二乙基吡啶(
DEP)在
二氯甲烷–Bu4NPF6(0.2 M)以及与
2,6-二甲基吡啶(LUT)在
乙腈–Bu4NPF6(0.1 M)之间的反应动力学,温度范围为252到312 K。在所有温度下的两个反应系统在达到稳态之前,观察到表观
氘同位素动力学效应(KIEapp)随着反应程度的增加而增加。KIEapp-反应程度的轮廓为两个步骤机制提供了有力证据[方程 (i),(ii)],该机制包括在速率决定性质子转移之前的可逆复合物形成。
(i) ArCH3+˙ + B ⇌ ArCH3+˙/B Keq = kf/kb
(ii) ArCH3+˙/B → ArCH2˙ + BH+ kp
(iii) ArCH2˙ + ArCH3+˙ + B → 产品 快速
动力学的分解得到相关的微观反应速率常数,结果显示真实的
氘同位素动力学效应(KIEreal)远大于KIEapp,并观察到随着温度降低而显著增加。KIEreal的值范围为62到247。结论是这两种反应系统都涉及显著程度的量子力学穿隧效应。讨论了表观和微观速率常数的活化参数,并参考了质子穿隧效应。