Structural design and synthesis of arylalkynyl amide-type peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-selective antagonists based on the helix12-folding inhibition hypothesis
摘要:
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) antagonists are candidates for treatment of type 2 diabetes, obesity and osteoporosis. However, few rational design strategies are currently available. Here, we utilized the helix12 (H12)-folding inhibition hypothesis, in combination with our previously determined X-ray crystal structure of PPAR gamma agonist MEKT-21 (6) complexed with the PPAR gamma ligand-binding domain, to design and develop a potent phenylalkynyl amide-type PPAR gamma antagonist 9i, focusing initially on pinpoint structural modification of the propanoic acid moiety of 6. Since 9i retained very weak, but distinct, PPAR gamma agonist activity, we next modified the distal benzene ring of 9i, aiming to delete the residual PPAR gamma agonist activity while retaining the antagonist activity. Introduction of a chlorine atom at the 2-position of the distal benzene ring afforded 9p, which exhibited potent, PPAR gamma-selective full antagonist activity without detectable agonist activity. We found that 9p stabilized the corepressor PPAR gamma complex and suppressed basal PPAR gamma activity. This compound showed anti-adipogenesis activity at the cellular level. This agonist antagonist switching concept based on the H12-folding inhibition hypothesis should also be applicable for designing other classes of PPAR gamma full antagonists. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Highly Efficient Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Internal Alkynes<i>via</i>Aerobic Oxidative Arylation of Terminal Alkynes
作者:Honghua Rao、Hua Fu、Yuyang Jiang、Yufen Zhao
DOI:10.1002/adsc.200900723
日期:2010.2.15
We have developed a novel and highlyefficient, copper-catalyzed synthesis of internal alkynes via oxidative couplings of aromatic boronic acids with terminalalkynes at room temperature. The protocol uses inexpensive copper(I) oxide [Cu2O] as the catalyst, oxygen in the air as the stoichiometric oxidant; no ligand and sealed reaction vessels are required, and remarkable functional group tolerability
Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Unsymmetrical α,ω-Diynes with Acenaphthylene
作者:Yukimasa Aida、Yu Shibata、Ken Tanaka
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.7b03042
日期:2018.3.2
It has been established that a cationic rhodium(I)/(R)-BINAP complex catalyzes the asymmetric [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of unsymmetrical α,ω-diynes with acenaphthylene at room temperature to give the corresponding chiral multicyclic compounds with high yields and ee values. Interestingly, enantioselectivity highly depended on the structures of α,ω-diynes used. The structural requirements of α,ω-diynes
heterocycles due to their wide range of bioactivities. An efficient silver-catalyzed intermolecular cyclization of 2-aminopyridines with various alkynoates has been developed. 2-Substituted 4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones containing a wide range of functional groups are synthesized in the standard conditions. This transformation is conducted under convenient conditions and affords products in good yields
嘧啶酮由于其广泛的生物活性而成为重要的含氮杂环之一。已经开发了有效的银催化的2-氨基吡啶与各种链烷酸酯的分子间环化。在标准条件下合成含有2-官能取代的4 H-吡啶并[1,2 - a ]嘧啶-4-酮。该转化是在方便的条件下进行的,并以高收率提供产物。
Regioselective synthesis of oxazole derivatives via palladium-catalyzed and copper-mediated cascade oxidative cyclization
A novel Pd-catalyzed/Cu-mediated oxidativecyclization has been developed for the synthesis of trisubstituted oxazoles, which is thought to proceed through cascade formation of C-N and C-O bonds. In this protocol, four hydrogen atoms were removed and water was used as the oxygen atom source.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Sulfonylation of Aryl Propiolates with Sulfonyl Hydrazides: Access to (
<i>E</i>
)‐
<i>β</i>
‐Aryl Sulfonyl Acrylates
An efficient method for the synthesis of (E)‐β‐arylsulfonylacrylates has been reported. This palladium‐catalyzed approach showed excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity in the sulfonylation of arylpropiolates with sulfonylhydrazides. Through this approach, a wide range of (E)‐β‐arylsulfonylacrylates were obtained in moderate to high yields.