A series of unsymmetrically substituted biphenyl compounds was designed as alpha helical proteomimetics with the aim of inhibiting the binding of coactivator proteins to the nuclear hormone receptor coactivator binding domain. These compounds were synthesized in good overall yields in seven steps starting from 2-bromoanisole. The final products were evaluated using cotransfection reporter gene assays and mammalian two-hybrid competitive inhibition assays to demonstrate their effectiveness as competitive binding inhibitors. The results from this study indicate that these proteomimetics possess the ability to inhibit coactivator-receptor interactions, but via a mixed mode of inhibition. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Rh(I)/diene-catalyzed addition reactions of aryl/alkenylboronic acids with aldehydes
作者:Chun-Hui Xing、Tao-Ping Liu、Jin Rong Zheng、Jaclynn Ng、Michelle Esposito、Qiao-Sheng Hu
DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.06.074
日期:2009.9
[Rh(COD)Cl]2-catalyzed additionreactions of arylboronic acids with aldehydes, with low Rh(I) catalyst loading, are described. We also found that the reaction of arylboronic acids with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes greatly depends on the solvent and the steric hindrance of the reagents/substrates.
An efficient cathodic carbonyl alkylation of aryl ketones or aldehydes with unactivated alkyl halides has been realized through the electrochemical activation of iron. The protocol is believed to include a radical–radical coupling or nucleophilic addition process, and the formation of ketyl radicals and alkyl radicals has been demonstrated. The protocol provides various tertiary or secondary alcohols
Thyroid hormone analogs. Synthesis of 3'-substituted 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronines and quantitative structure-activity studies of in vitro and in vivo thyromimetic activities in rat liver and heart
作者:Paul D. Leeson、David Ellis、John C. Emmett、Virendra P. Shah、Graham A. Showell、Anthony H. Underwood
DOI:10.1021/jm00396a008
日期:1988.1
Twenty-nine novel 3'-substituted derivatives of the thyroid hormone 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) have been synthesized by using established methods and by a new route involving manipulation of a 3'-formyl intermediate. In vitro hormone receptor binding (to intact nuclei) and in vivo thyromimetic activity (induction of mitochondrial 3-phosphoglycerate oxidoreductase, GPDH) were measured in rat liver and heart for these new analogues and for the 18 previously reported 3'-substituted 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronines. Analysis of the binding data using theoretical conformational and quantitative structure-affinity methods implies that the 3'-substituent recognition site on the thyroid hormone receptor is hydrophobic and limited in depth to the length of the natural iodo substituent, but has sufficient width to accommodate a phenyl or cyclohexyl group. Receptor binding is reduced by approximately 10-fold in 3'-acyl derivatives which form strong intramolecular acceptor hydrogen bonds with the adjacent 4'-hydroxyl. The compounds studied showed no differences in their relative affinities for heart and liver nuclei, suggesting that receptors in these tissues are similar. However, the relationships between thyromimetic activity (induction of GPDH) and nuclear binding showed some tissue differences. A high correlation between activity and binding is observed for full agonists in the heart, but an equally significant correlation for the liver data is only seen when 3'-substituent bulk (molar refractivity) is included in the analysis. These results suggest the possibility that differential tissue penetration or access to receptors may occur in vivo.
57. Alkylation of the aromatic nucleus. Part VIII. Benzylation and cyclohexylmethylation
作者:Patrick T. Weiser、Ching-Yi Chang、Donald P. McDonnell、Robert N. Hanson
DOI:10.1016/j.bmc.2013.10.051
日期:2014.1
A series of unsymmetrically substituted biphenyl compounds was designed as alpha helical proteomimetics with the aim of inhibiting the binding of coactivator proteins to the nuclear hormone receptor coactivator binding domain. These compounds were synthesized in good overall yields in seven steps starting from 2-bromoanisole. The final products were evaluated using cotransfection reporter gene assays and mammalian two-hybrid competitive inhibition assays to demonstrate their effectiveness as competitive binding inhibitors. The results from this study indicate that these proteomimetics possess the ability to inhibit coactivator-receptor interactions, but via a mixed mode of inhibition. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.