Transition State Variation in the Anilinolysis of O-Aryl Phenyl Phosphonochloridothioates in Acetonitrile
作者:Keshab Kumar Adhikary、Bilkis Jahan Lumbiny、Shuchismita Dey、Hai-Whang Lee
DOI:10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.8.2628
日期:2011.8.20
The nucleophilic substitution reactions of Y-O-aryl phenyl phosphonochloridothioates with substituted anilines ($XC_6H_4NH_2$) and deuterated anilines ($XC_6H_4ND_2$) are kinetically investigated in acetonitrile at $55.0^\circ}C$. The deuterium kinetic isotope effects (DKIEs) invariably increase from an extremely large secondary inverse ($k_H/k_D$ = 0.439; min) to a primary normal ($k_H/k_D$ = 1.34; max) as both substituents of nucleophile (X) and substrate (Y) change from electron-donating to electron-withdrawing. These results are opposite to the DKIEs on Y-O-aryl methyl phosphonochloridothioates, and can be rationalized by the gradual transition state (TS) variation from backside to frontside attack. The trigonal bipyramidal pentacoordinate TS is proposed for a backside attack, while the hydrogen-bonded, four-center-type TS is proposed for a frontside attack. The negative values of the cross-interaction constants ($\rho}_XY(H)}$ = -0.38 for $XC_6H_4NH_2$ and $\rho}_XY(D)}$ = -0.29 for $XC_6H_4ND_2$) indicate that the reactions proceed by a concerted $S_N2$ mechanism.
对Y-O-芳基苯基膦氯硫酸酯与取代苯胺($XC_6H_4NH_2$)和氘代苯胺($XC_6H_4ND_2$)在乙腈中的亲核取代反应进行了动力学研究,温度为$55.0^\circ}C$。随着亲核试剂(X)和底物(Y)的取代基从供电子变为吸电子,氘同位素效应(DKIEs)始终从极大幅度的次级逆效应($k_H/k_D$ = 0.439;最小值)变为初级正效应($k_H/k_D$ = 1.34;最大值)。这些结果与Y-O-芳基甲基膦氯硫酸酯的DKIEs相反,可以用从背面攻击到正面攻击的过渡态(TS)逐渐变化来合理化解释。对于背面攻击,提出了三角双锥五配位TS,而对于正面攻击,提出了氢键四中心型TS。交叉相互作用常数的负值($\rho}_XY(H)}$ = -0.38表示$XC_6H_4NH_2$,$\rho}_XY(D)}$ = -0.29表示$XC_6H_4ND_2$)表明反应是通过协同的$S_N2$机制进行的。