Opioid ligands with mixed properties from substituted enantiomeric N-phenethyl-5-phenylmorphans. Synthesis of a µ-agonist δ-antagonist and δ-inverse agonists
5′-(2-Nitrophenylalkanoyl)-2′-deoxy-5-fluorouridines as potential prodrugs of FUDR for reductive activation
摘要:
Four 5'-(2-nitrophenylalkanoyl)-2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridines (1a-d) were designed and synthesized as potential prodrugs of FUDR for reductive activation. Two methyl groups were introduced alpha to the ester carbonyl to increase both the rate of cyclization activation and the stability of the conjugates towards serum esterases. Chemical reduction of the nitro group into an amino leads to cyclization and release of the active FUDR. Kinetic analysis of the cyclization activation process indicates that the two methyl groups alpha to the ester carbonyl restrict the rotational freedom of ground state molecule and promote the cyclization reaction. However, the two methyl groups also were found to render the conjugates as poor substrates of E. coli B nitroreductase. Conjugate 1c, without the two methyl groups, was reduced by E. coli B nitroreductase (t(1/2) = 8 h) to give two products, a N-hydroxyl lactam and the drug FUDR, suggesting that the enzymatic reduction and subsequent cyclization activation proceeded through the hydroxylamine intermediate. These results indicate that cyclization activation will occur once the nitro group is reduced either to an amino or to a hydroxylamino group. The fact that the amino intermediates cyclized easily to release the incorporated drug FUDR suggests the feasibility of using peptide-linked acyl 2-aminophenylalkanoic acid esters as potential prodrugs for proteolytic activation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Reduction of 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-2-nitrobenzene and 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-2-nitrobenzene at Carbon Cathodes: Electrosynthetic Routes to 1-Nitro-2-vinylbenzene and 1H-Indole
作者:Peng Du、Dennis G. Peters
DOI:10.1149/1.3482019
日期:——
nitro radical-anion immediately reacts as a base with the adjacent alkyl halide moiety via an E2elimination to produce 1-nitro-2-vinylbenzene. At a potential corresponding to the first cathodic peak, bulk electrolyses of 1 or 2 in the absence of a proton donor afford 1-nitro-2-vinylbenzene as principal product, along with 1H-indole and a dimeric species. However, when 1 or 2 is electrolyzed in the
[EN] PHENYLALKYL AND PYRIDYLALKYL PIPERAZINE DERIVATIVES<br/>[FR] DERIVES DE PIPERAZINE PHENYLALKYLES ET PYRIDYLALKYLES
申请人:WARNER LAMBERT CO
公开号:WO2004041793A1
公开(公告)日:2004-05-21
This invention relates to compounds of the formula (1) wherein R?1, R3, R4, X1, and X2¿ are defined as in the specification, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in the treatment of central nervous system and other disorders.
Heterocyclic substituted piperazines for the treatment of schizophrenia
申请人:——
公开号:US20040067960A1
公开(公告)日:2004-04-08
This invention relates to compounds of the formula 1
1
wherein Ar, A, R
2
, R
3
, Y and ring Q are defined as in the specification, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in the treatment of central nervous system disorders.
Phenylalkyl and pyridylalkyl piperazine derivatives
申请人:——
公开号:US20040186108A1
公开(公告)日:2004-09-23
This invention relates to compounds of the formula 1
1
wherein R
1
, R
3
, R
4
, X
1
, and X
2
are defined as in the specification, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in the treatment of central nervous system and other disorders.