Lateral Stability During Forward-Induced Stepping for Dynamic Balance Recovery in Young and Older Adults
摘要:
Background. Balance dysfunction related to lateral instability has been associated with falls and fall-related injuries among older individuals. Protective stepping for dynamic balance recovery requires the effective control of lateral body motion, This study investigated the relationship between aging, falls, and lateral stability during forward-induced stepping for dynamic balance recovery.Methods. Forward steps were induced by a motor-driven waist-pull system in 12 younger adults, 20 healthy community-dwelling older adult nonfallers, and IS older adults who had reported falls. Group differences in kinetic and kinematic stepping characteristics for a range of Postural disturbance magnitudes were evaluated.Results. Despite group similarities in anticipatory postural adjustments for minimizing lateral instability, the older fallers demonstrated significantly greater sideways body motion toward the stepping side at first-step foot contact and a more laterally directed foot placement. During the first step, forward-stepping characteristics were generally comparable between the groups, but the older falters had an earlier liftoff time and longer step duration.Conclusions. During forward-induced protective stepping, otherwise healthy older adults who had experienced falls showed particular differences in their control of lateral body motion that were not attributable to changes in anticipatory postural mechanisms. Aging changes in controlling lateral body motion during protective stepping appear to involve factors that intervene between the first-step liftoff and foot contact and/or adaptations in stepping patterns related to prior planning.
InCl<sub>3</sub>/Me<sub>3</sub>SiBr-Catalyzed Direct Coupling between Silyl Ethers and Enol Acetates
作者:Yoshiharu Onishi、Yoshihiro Nishimoto、Makoto Yasuda、Akio Baba
DOI:10.1021/ol200875m
日期:2011.5.20
A combined Lewis acid catalyst of InCl3 and Me3SiBr promoted the direct use of enol acetates in the coupling with low-reactive silyl ethers, in which functional groups including ketones and aldehydes survived. Sterically hindered silyl ethers such as ROSiEt3, ROSiPh3, ROSit-BuMe2, and ROSii-Pr3 were also applicable.
InCl<sub>3</sub>/Me<sub>3</sub>SiCl-Catalyzed Direct Michael Addition of Enol Acetates to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones
作者:Yoshiharu Onishi、Yuki Yoneda、Yoshihiro Nishimoto、Makoto Yasuda、Akio Baba
DOI:10.1021/ol302888k
日期:2012.11.16
The direct Michael addition of enolacetates to α,β-unsaturated ketones was achieved using a combination of Lewis acid catalysts, InCl3 and Me3SiCl, which furnished stable enol-form products that could be further transformed into functionalized 1,5-diketones by reactions with various electrophiles.
Proportions of Isomeric Ketone Enol Acetates from O-Acetylations of Methyl-methylene Ketones with Isopropenyl Acetate<sup>1</sup>
作者:Eugene H. Man、Frederick C. Frostick、Charles R. Hauser
DOI:10.1021/ja01133a007
日期:1952.7
CONSUMER PRODUCTS HAVING VARYING ODORS
申请人:MEINE Georg
公开号:US20080207481A1
公开(公告)日:2008-08-28
Conventional perfumed consumer products are characterized by a uniform odor throughout the entire product. Consumer products are described that comprise at least two differently smelling perfume oils which are not evenly distributed in the product in proportion to one another. This allows the consumer to produce, using one and the same product, a variety of odors during applications and overcome the monotony of the olfactory experience associated with conventional perfumed consumer products.
CONSUMER PRODUCTS HAVING VARYING ODOR PATTERNS
申请人:MEINE Georg
公开号:US20080221003A1
公开(公告)日:2008-09-11
Consumer products having fragrance that can develop distinguishable odor patterns which are separately detectable. Scent dynamics allow the consumer with one and the same product to experience different scent experiences during a single application. The limited range and monotony of odor associated with the conventional perfumed consumer products is thereby completely broken.