O-alkylhydroxylamines as rationally-designed mechanism-based inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1
摘要:
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer, chronic viral infections, and other diseases characterized by pathological immune suppression. Recently important advances have been made in understanding IDO1's catalytic mechanism. Although much remains to be discovered, there is strong evidence that the mechanism proceeds through a heme-iron bound alkylperoxy transition or intermediate state. Accordingly, we explored stable structural mimics of the alkylperoxy species and provide evidence that such structures do mimic the alkylperoxy transition or intermediate state. We discovered that O-benzylhydroxylamine, a commercially available compound, is a. potent sub-micromolar inhibitor of IDO1. Structure activity studies of over forty derivatives of O-benzylhydroxylamine led to further improvement in inhibitor potency, particularly with the addition of halogen atoms to the meta position of the aromatic ring. The most potent derivatives and the lead, O-benzylhydroxylamine, have high ligand efficiency values, which are considered an important criterion for successful drug development. Notably, two of the most potent compounds demonstrated nanomolar-level cell-based potency and limited toxicity. The combination of the simplicity of the structures of these compounds and their excellent cellular activity makes them quite attractive for biological exploration of IDO1 function and antitumor therapeutic applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
O-alkylhydroxylamines as rationally-designed mechanism-based inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1
摘要:
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer, chronic viral infections, and other diseases characterized by pathological immune suppression. Recently important advances have been made in understanding IDO1's catalytic mechanism. Although much remains to be discovered, there is strong evidence that the mechanism proceeds through a heme-iron bound alkylperoxy transition or intermediate state. Accordingly, we explored stable structural mimics of the alkylperoxy species and provide evidence that such structures do mimic the alkylperoxy transition or intermediate state. We discovered that O-benzylhydroxylamine, a commercially available compound, is a. potent sub-micromolar inhibitor of IDO1. Structure activity studies of over forty derivatives of O-benzylhydroxylamine led to further improvement in inhibitor potency, particularly with the addition of halogen atoms to the meta position of the aromatic ring. The most potent derivatives and the lead, O-benzylhydroxylamine, have high ligand efficiency values, which are considered an important criterion for successful drug development. Notably, two of the most potent compounds demonstrated nanomolar-level cell-based potency and limited toxicity. The combination of the simplicity of the structures of these compounds and their excellent cellular activity makes them quite attractive for biological exploration of IDO1 function and antitumor therapeutic applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
A novel, sustainable, environmentally friendly, solvent-free and metal catalyst-free method for the CDC reaction between NHPI and benzyl/ether compounds is described.
A facile method for the synthesis of O-alkylatedhydroximides through the acid-catalyzed alkylation of hydroximides by using benzylicalcohols as alkylating agents is described for the first time. The obtained O-propargylated products offered easy access to 2,5- and 4,5-dihydroisoxazoles.
Organocatalytic Radical Involved Oxidative Cross-Coupling of<i>N</i>-Hydroxyphthalimide with Benzylic and Allylic Hydrocarbons
作者:Longyang Dian、Sisi Wang、Daisy Zhang-Negrerie、Yunfei Du
DOI:10.1002/adsc.201500623
日期:2015.12.14
N-hydroxyphthalimide and various benzylic and allylic hydrocarbons was realized through an organocatalytic radical-mediated process involving C(sp3)O bond formation using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) as an oxidant and tetra-n-butylammonium iodide [(n-Bu]4NI] as a catalyst, during which the phthalimide N-oxyl (PINO) radical and benzylic and allylic radicals were generated in situ and underwent
Catalytic <i>Ortho</i>-Acetoxylation of Masked Benzyl Alcohols via an <i>Exo</i>-Directing Mode
作者:Zhi Ren、Jonathan E. Schulz、Guangbin Dong
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01098
日期:2015.6.5
A Pd-catalyzed ortho-acetoxylation of masked benzyl alcohols to synthesize various 2-hydroxyalkylphenol derivatives is reported. The 2,6-dimethoxyl benzaldoxime proved to be an efficient exo-type directing group for arene (sp(2)) CH functionalization. Two strategies were demonstrated to remove the directing group through N-O and C-O bond cleavages. A high catalyst turnover (>1000) was obtained to illustrate the practicality of this method.
Cu-Facilitated C−O Bond Formation Using <i>N</i>-Hydroxyphthalimide: Efficient and Selective Functionalization of Benzyl and Allylic C−H Bonds
作者:Ji Min Lee、Eun Ju Park、Seung Hwan Cho、Sukbok Chang
DOI:10.1021/ja8031218
日期:2008.6.1
A highly efficient protocol for the benzyl or allylic C-H functionalization of simple hydrocarbons has been developed using stoichiometric amounts of N-hydroxyphthalimide and Phl(OAc)(2) in the presence of CuCl catalyst. The reaction was revealed to proceed via a radical pathway, in which phthalimide N-oxyl (PINO) radical plays a dual role, serving as a catalytic hydrogen abstractor from hydrocarbons as well as a stoichiometric reagent to couple with the resultant alkyl radicals.