A cyclopropane compound represented by the following formula (A) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has orexin receptor antagonism, and therefore has a potencial of usefulness for the treatment of sleep disorder for which orexin receptor antagonism is effective, for example, insomnia:
wherein Q represents —CH— or a nitrogen atom, R
1a
and R
1b
each independently represent a C
1-6
alkyl group and the like, R
1c
represents a hydrogen atom and the like, R
2a
, R
2b
, R
2c
and R
2d
each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C
1-6
alkyl group and the like, R
3a
, R
3b
and R
3c
each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom and the like, and R
3d
represents a hydrogen atom and the like.
A cyclopropane derivative represented by the following formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has orexin receptor inhibitory action, and thus, is extremely useful as an agent for preventing or treating sleep disorder or dyssomnia caused by orexin, including insomnia as a typical example:
wherein A
1
, A
2
and A
3
each independently represent an aryl group, a heterocyclyl group or the like, R
1
, R
2
and R
3
each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C
1-6
alkyl group or the like, X represents an oxygen atom or the like, and L represents a bond or the like.
Mechanism-Based Design and Optimization of a Catalytic Electrophilic Cyclopropanation without Diazomethane
作者:Augustin A. S. W. Tchawou、Mihai Raducan、Peter Chen
DOI:10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00531
日期:2017.1.9
Iodomethylboron compounds, either the trifluoroborate or a boronic ester, cyclopropanate electron-rich olefins and unprotected allylic alcohols with Pd catalysts according to a novel, designed catalytic cycle. Proposed intermediates in a "diverted Heck" mechanism are observed by means of spectroscopic studies and by isolation and X-ray crystallographic characterization, which together with reaction kinetics point to a separation of rate-determining and product-determining steps, and a mechanism-based optimization of the yield, selectivity, and scope of the catalytic electrophilic cyclopropanation. The reaction with crystalline, air-stable, nonhygroscopic, and nontoxic reagents provides an alternative to Simmons Smith-type reactions, as well as cyclopropanation procedures that require the use of diazomethane.
SATO TADASHI; WATANABE MASAMI; MURAYAMA EIGORO, SYNTH. COMMUN., 17,(1987) N 7, 781-788