THE PREPARATION AND SOME CLEAVAGE REACTIONS OF ALKYL AND SUBSTITUTED ALKYL METHANESULPHONATES: THE SYNTHESIS OF FLUORIDES, IODIDES, AND THIOCYANATES
作者:F. L. M. Pattison、J. E. Millington
DOI:10.1139/v56-099
日期:1956.6.1
Representative esters of methanesulphonic acid were synthesized, and cleaved to form the corresponding fluorides, iodides, and thiocyanates. From this work was developed a convenient laboratory procedure for converting alcohols to fluorides.
Hydrogen Bonding Lowers Intrinsic Nucleophilicity of Solvated Nucleophiles
作者:Xin Chen、John I. Brauman
DOI:10.1021/ja802814a
日期:2008.11.12
The relationship between nucleophilicity and the structure/environment of the nucleophile is of fundamental importance in organic chemistry. In this work, we have measured nucleophilicities of a series of substituted alkoxides in the gasphase. The functional group substitutions affect the nucleophiles through ion-dipole, ion-induced dipole interactions and through hydrogen bonding whenever structurally
亲核性与亲核试剂的结构/环境之间的关系在有机化学中至关重要。在这项工作中,我们测量了一系列取代醇盐在气相中的亲核性。官能团取代通过离子-偶极子、离子诱导偶极子相互作用和结构上可能的氢键影响亲核试剂。这组醇盐是在微溶剂化设置下研究亲核试剂的理想模型系统。应用马库斯理论来分析结果。使用 Marcus 理论,我们将亲核性分成两个独立的部分,即内在亲核性和仅由总反应放热性决定的热力学驱动力。发现取代醇盐的表观亲核性总是远低于未取代醇盐的亲核性。然而,离子-偶极子、离子诱导的偶极子相互作用本身不会显着影响固有的亲核性。表观亲核性的降低是由于较弱的热力学驱动力造成的。另一方面,氢键不仅可以稳定亲核试剂,还可以将本征势垒高度增加 3 至大约 4 kcal mol (-1)。在这方面,氢键不是作为外部偶极子意义上的扰动,而是更直接地影响亲核醇盐的电子结构和反应性。这一发现让我们更深入地了解溶剂化对亲核性的影响,
Kitano; Fukui, Kogyo Kagaku zasshi / Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, 1955, vol. 58, p. 355
作者:Kitano、Fukui
DOI:——
日期:——
BAKLOUTI A.; CHAABOUNI M. M., J. FLUOR. CHEM., 1981, 18, NO 1, 45-56