The Isoindazole Nucleus as a Donor in Fullerene-Based Dyads. Evidence for Electron Transfer
摘要:
A series of isoindazole-C-60 dyads 4a-c based on pyrazolino[60]fullerene have been prepared by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of the nitrile imines, generated in situ from hydrazones 3a-c, to C-60. Molecular orbital calculations for 4b revealed that the electron distribution of the HOMO is located on the isoindazole moiety, while the electron distribution of the LUMO is located on the C-60 moiety. Electrochemical properties of the new dyads 4a-c show a similar electron affinity with respect to C-60. Charge-transfer interactions in the ground state between the isoindazole ring and the fullerene cage are predicted by the molecular orbital calculations and confirmed by electrochemical studies in 4a,b. Steady-state fluorescence emission spectra of dyads 4a-c show that fluorescence intensities in polar benzonitrile solvent decrease with increasing electron-donating ability of the substituent attached on the isoindazole group. This was confirmed by the shortening of fluorescence lifetimes, from which intramolecular charge-separation rates and efficiencies via the excited singlet states of the fullerene moiety were evaluated. The yields of the triplet states in polar solvent decrease with the electron-donating ability, supporting the competitive formation of the charge-separated state with the intersystem crossing from the excited states. Thus, isoindazole[60]fullerene 4b can be considered a molecular switch with an AND logic gate.
On the Thermal Stability of [60]Fullerene Cycloadducts: Retro-Cycloaddition Reaction of 2-Pyrazolino[4,5:1,2][60]fullerenes
作者:Juan Luis Delgado、Frédéric Oswald、François Cardinali、Fernando Langa、Nazario Martín
DOI:10.1021/jo702741n
日期:2008.4.1
2-Pyrazolino[4,5:1,2][60]fullerenes undergo a thermally induced retro-cycloaddition process whose efficiency is influenced by the nature of the C-substituent. C-Aryl-N-Aryl-2-pyrazolino[60]fullerenes (2a−d) poorly undergo a thermal retro-cycloadditionreaction even in the presence of a strong dipolarophile or a metal Lewis acid which, in contrast to other fullerene derivatives, shows their remarkable
Oxidation of 3-Alkyl-Substituted 2-Pyrazolino[60]fullerenes: A New Formyl-Containing Building Block for Fullerene Chemistry
作者:Juan Luis Delgado、François Cardinali、Eva Espíldora、M. Rosario Torres、Fernando Langa、Nazario Martín
DOI:10.1021/ol801308g
日期:2008.9.1
A newbuildingblock for fullerene chemistry, endowed with a formyl group on C-3 of the 2-pyrazoline ring, has been prepared in a simple two-step synthesis by oxidation of readily available 3-alkyl-substituted 2-pyrazolino[60]fullerenes; the newbuildingblock paves the way for the preparation of new light-harvesting fullerenes.