Four isobutyric acids (two nitro and two acetamido derivatives) were prepared in two steps and characterized using spectral analysis. The mRNA concentrations of PPARγ and GLUT-4 (two proteins documented as key diabetes targets) were increased by 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with compounds 1–4, but an absence of in vitro expression of PPARα was observed. Docking and molecular dynamics studies revealed the plausible interaction between the synthesized compounds and PPARγ. In vivo studies established that compounds 1–4 have antihyperglycemic modes of action associated with insulin sensitization. Nitrocompound 2 was the most promising of the series, being orally active, and one of multiple modes of action could be selective PPARγ modulation due to its extra anchoring with Gln-286. In conclusion, we demonstrated that nitrocompound 2 showed strong in vitro and in vivo effects and can be considered as an experimental antidiabetic candidate.
四个异丁酸(两个硝基和两个乙酰胺衍生物)通过两步制备,并使用光谱分析进行表征。用化合物1-4处理的3T3-L1脂肪细胞的PPARγ和GLUT-4的mRNA浓度增加,但观察到PPARα在体外表达的缺失。对接和分子动力学研究揭示了合成化合物与PPARγ之间的可能相互作用。体内研究表明,化合物1-4具有与胰岛素敏感性相关的抗高血糖作用。硝基化合物2是该系列中最有前途的,口服活性,可能的作用模式之一是选择性PPARγ调节,因为它与Gln-286有额外的锚定。总之,我们证明了硝基化合物2在体内和体外都表现出强烈的效果,可以被视为一种实验性抗糖尿病候选药物。