Cyano(2-oxo-2,3-dihydroindol-3-yl)acetic acid derivatives were synthesized and tested as a novel class of aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitors. Each compound was evaluated as a diastereomeric mixture, due to tautomeric equilibria in solution. The parent compound 39 exhibited a good inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.85 muM, similar to that of the well-known ARI sorbinil (IC50 0.50 muM). The concurrent introduction of a halogen and a lipophilic group in the 5- and in the 1-positions, respectively, of the indole nucleus of 39, gave compound 55, cyano[5-fluoro-1-(4-methylbenzyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydroindol-3-yl] acetic acid, which displayed the highest activity (IC50 0.075 muM, very close to that of tolrestat IC50 0.046 muM), with a good selectivity toward ALR2 compared with aldehyde reductase (ALR1) (16.4-fold), and no appreciable inhibitory properties against sorbitol dehydrogenase (SD), or glutathione reductase (GR). The isopropyl ester 59, a prodrug of 55, was found to be almost as effective as tolrestat in preventing cataract development in severely galactosemic rats when administered as an eye drop solution. Docking simulation of 55 into a three-dimensional model of human ALR2 made it possible to formulate the hypothesis that the 2-hydroxy tautomer was the active species binding into the catalytic site of the enzyme. This was fully consistent with the structure-activity relationships within this series of cyanooxoindolylacetic acid derivatives.
Synthesis and cytostatic evaluation of some 2-(5-substituted-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-N-substituted hydrazine carbothioamide
摘要:
Various substituted 2-(5-substituted-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-N-substituted hydrazine carbothioamide 4a-g and 2-(5-substituted-1-(4-substituted benzyl)-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-N-substituted hydrazine carbothioamide 5a-k were synthesized. The compounds were evaluated for their cytostatic activity against human Molt4/C8 and CEM T-lymphocytes as well as murine L1210 leukemia cells. Several of these compounds were endowed with low micromolar 50%-inhibitory concentration (IC50) values, and some were virtually equally potent as melphalan. The most potent inhibitors against the murine leukemia cells were also most inhibitory against human T-lymphocyte tumor cells. 2-(5-fluoro-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-N-p-tolylhydrazine carbothioamide (5b) emerged as the most potent cytostatic compound among the tested compounds. The encouraging cytostatic data provide an adequate rationale for further modification of these molecular scaffolds.
Synthesis, spectroscopic investigations, DFT studies, molecular docking and antimicrobial potential of certain new indole-isatin molecular hybrids: Experimental and theoretical approaches
作者:Maha S. Almutairi、Azza S. Zakaria、P. Primsa Ignasius、Reem I. Al-Wabli、Isaac Hubert Joe、Mohamed I. Attia
DOI:10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.10.025
日期:2018.2
using FT-IR and FT-Raman with the aid of density functional theory approach. The natural bond orbital analysis as well as HOMO and LUMO molecular orbitals investigations of compound 5h were carried out to explore its possible intermolecular delocalization or hyperconjugation and its possible interactions with the target protein. Molecular docking of compound 5h predicted its binding mode with the fungal
<p>Antiproliferative activity and possible mechanism of action of certain 5-methoxyindole tethered C-5 functionalized isatins</p>
作者:Maha S. Almutairi、Eman S. Hassan、Adam B. Keeton、Gary A. Piazza、Ali S. Abdelhameed、Mohamed I. Attia
DOI:10.2147/dddt.s208241
日期:——
Background: Cancer is one of the most dreaded human diseases, that has become an ever-increasing health problem and is a prime cause of death globally. The potential antiproliferative activity of certain indole-isatin molecular hybrids 5a-w was evaluated in vitro against three human cancer cell lines.Methods: Standard protocols were adopted to examine the antiproliferative potential and mechanisms of compounds 5a-w. Western blot analysis was carried out on compound 5o.Results: Compounds 5a-w demonstrated in vitro antiproliferative activity in the range of 22.6-97.8%, with compounds 5o and 5w being the most active antiproliferative compounds with IC50 values of 1.69 and 1.91 mu M, which is fivefold and fourfold more potent than sunitinib (IC50 =8.11 mu M), respectively. Compound 5o was selected for in-depth pharmacological testing to understand its possible mechanism of antiproliferative activity. It caused a lengthening of the G1 phase and a reduction in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle and had an IC50 value of 10.4 pM with the resistant NCI-H69AR cancer cell line. Moreover, compound 5o significantly decreased the amount of phosphorylated Rb protein in a dose-dependent fashion, which was confirmed via Western blot analysis.Conclusion: The current investigation highlighted the potential antiproliferative activity of compounds 5a-w as well as the antiproliferative profile of compound 5o. These compounds can be harnessed as new lead antiproliferatives in the preclinical studies of cancer chemotherapy.