Synthesis of Sulfur- and Sulfoxide-Substituted 2,3-Oxidosqualenes and Their Evaluation as Inhibitors of 2,3-Oxidosqualene-Lanosterol Cyclase
摘要:
2,3-Oxidosqualene (23-OS) analogs that contain thioether (52-55) and sulfoxide (56-60) at positions normally occupied by carbons considered to be cationic during 2,3-oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase (OSC) cyclization (C-6, C-10, C-14, and C-19) were synthesized and tested as substrate mimic inhibitors of fungal and mammalian OSC. The analogs were found to be potent inhibitors of cyclase in cell-free extracts of Candida albicans and rat liver. Thioether analogs were more potent than the corresponding sulfoxides. In both series, those 2,3-OS analogs containing a sulfur at the position normally occupied by C-19 were the most potent. With C. albicans cyclase, the IC50 for thioether 55 was 0.0023 mu M while 60 exhibited an IC50 of 0.065 mu M, which are the lowest values reported for a inhibitor of this enzyme. Similarly, thioether 55 displayed an IC50 of 0.00082 mu M for rat liver cyclase which is the best inhibitor up to date for this enzyme. These results suggest that mimics with modification in the region of C-19 of 2,3-OS have a high affinity for the active site of these enzymes. The same series of analogs (52-60) were also tested for inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in intact MDBK (Madin Darbin bovine kidney) cells and for in vitro antifungal activity against C. albicans.
Synthesis of Sulfur- and Sulfoxide-Substituted 2,3-Oxidosqualenes and Their Evaluation as Inhibitors of 2,3-Oxidosqualene-Lanosterol Cyclase
摘要:
2,3-Oxidosqualene (23-OS) analogs that contain thioether (52-55) and sulfoxide (56-60) at positions normally occupied by carbons considered to be cationic during 2,3-oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase (OSC) cyclization (C-6, C-10, C-14, and C-19) were synthesized and tested as substrate mimic inhibitors of fungal and mammalian OSC. The analogs were found to be potent inhibitors of cyclase in cell-free extracts of Candida albicans and rat liver. Thioether analogs were more potent than the corresponding sulfoxides. In both series, those 2,3-OS analogs containing a sulfur at the position normally occupied by C-19 were the most potent. With C. albicans cyclase, the IC50 for thioether 55 was 0.0023 mu M while 60 exhibited an IC50 of 0.065 mu M, which are the lowest values reported for a inhibitor of this enzyme. Similarly, thioether 55 displayed an IC50 of 0.00082 mu M for rat liver cyclase which is the best inhibitor up to date for this enzyme. These results suggest that mimics with modification in the region of C-19 of 2,3-OS have a high affinity for the active site of these enzymes. The same series of analogs (52-60) were also tested for inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in intact MDBK (Madin Darbin bovine kidney) cells and for in vitro antifungal activity against C. albicans.
Development of an Intramolecular Aryne Ene Reaction and Application to the Formal Synthesis of (±)-Crinine
作者:David A. Candito、Dennis Dobrovolsky、Mark Lautens
DOI:10.1021/ja306881u
日期:2012.9.19
A general and high yielding annulation strategy for the synthesis of various carbo- and heterocycles, based on an intramolecular aryne ene reaction is described. It was found that the geometry of the olefin is crucial to the success of the reaction, with exclusive migration of the trans-allylic-H taking place. Furthermore, the electronic nature of the aryne was found to be important to the success
A medicament for enhancing an effect of a cancer therapy based on a mode of action of DNA injury, which comprises as an active ingredient a compound represented by the following general formula (I) or a salt thereof:
wherein one of R
1
and R
2
represents hydrogen atom and the other represents the formula —X-A wherein A represents hydrogen atom or an acyl group, X represents oxgen atom or NH; one of R
3
and R
4
represents hydrogen atom and the other represents the following formula:
wherein Y represents a sulfonyl group or a carbonyl group, R
5
represents a cyclic group, Z represents a single bond or a C
1
to C
4
alkylene group, R
6
represents hydrogen atom or a C
1
to C
6
alkyl group.
A medicament having inhibitory activity against NF-κB activation, which comprises a compound represented by the following general formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt as an active ingredient:
wherein X represents a connecting group, A represents hydrogen atom or acetyl group, E represents an aryl group or a heteroaryl group, and ring X represents an arene or a heteroarene.
A medicament having inhibitory activity against NF-κB activation which comprises as an active ingredient a substance selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following general formula (I) and a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, and a hydrate thereof and a solvate thereof:
wherein A represents hydrogen atom or acetyl group, E represents a 2,5-di-substituted or a 3,5-di-substituted phenyl group, or a monocyclic or a fused polycyclic heteroaryl group which may be substituted, provided that the compound wherein said heteroaryl group is circle around (1)} a fused polycyclic heteroaryl group wherein the ring which binds directly to —CONH— group in the formula (I) is a benzene ring, circle around (2)} unsubstituted thiazol-2-yl group, or circle around (3)} unsubstituted benzothiazol-2-yl group is excluded, ring Z represents an arene which may have one or more substituents in addition to the group represented by formula —O-A wherein A has the same meaning as that defined above and the group represented by formula —CONH-E wherein E has the same meaning as that defined above, or a heteroarene which may have one or more substituents in addition to the group represented by formula —O-A wherein A has the same meaning as that defined above and the group represented by formula —CONH-E wherein E has the same meaning as that defined above.
A medicament having inhibitory activity against NF-κB activation which comprises as an active ingredient a substance selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following general formula (I) and a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, and a hydrate thereof and a solvate thereof:
wherein X represents a connecting group whose number of atoms in a main chain is 2 to 5 (said connecting group may be substituted),
“A” represents an acyl group which may be substituted, (provided that unsubstituted acetyl group and unsubstituted acryloyl group are excluded,) or a C
1
to C
6
alkyl group which may be substituted, or A may bind to connecting group X to form a cyclic structure which may be substituted, “E” represents an aryl group which may be substituted or a heteroaryl group which may be substituted, ring Z represents an arene which may have one or more substituents in addition to the group represented by formula —O-A wherein A has the same meaning as that defined above and the group represented by formula —X-E wherein each of X and E has the same meaning as that defined above, or a heteroarene which may have one or more substituents in addition to the group represented by formula —O-A wherein A has the same meaning as that defined above and the group represented by formula —X-E wherein each of X and E has the same meaning as that defined above.