(R)-3,5-dichloro-1-(1-cyclopropyl-2-methoxyethyl)pyrazin-2(1H)-one | 1173435-16-9

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 二嗪类
• 英文名称: (R)-3,5-dichloro-1-(1-cyclopropyl-2-methoxyethyl)pyrazin-2(1H)-one
• 英文别名: 3,5-dichloro-1-[(1R)-1-cyclopropyl-2-methoxyethyl]pyrazin-2-one
• CAS: 1173435-16-9
• 化学式: C₁₀H₁₂Cl₂N₂O₂
• 分子量: 263.123
• InChiKey: PMXRFNRWNICELT-ZETCQYMHSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2
• 重原子数：
  16
• 可旋转键数：
  4
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.6
• 拓扑面积：
  41.9
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  3

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  (R)-3,5-dichloro-1-(1-cyclopropyl-2-methoxyethyl)pyrazin-2(1H)-one 在 sodium hexamethyldisilazane 、 三溴化硼 、 potassium hydroxide 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 、 二氯甲烷 、 二甲基亚砜 为溶剂， 生成 5-chloro-1-[(1R)-1-cyclopropyl-2-methoxyethyl]-3-[4-(fluoromethoxy)-2,5-dimethylanilino]pyrazin-2-one
  参考文献：
  名称：

  [18F](R)-5-chloro-1-(1-cyclopropyl-2-methoxyethyl)-3-(4-(2-fluoroethoxy)-2,5-dimethyl phenylamino)pyrazin-2(1H)-one: Introduction of N3-phenylpyrazinones as potential CRF-R1 PET imaging agents

  摘要：

  Based on a favorable balance between CRF-R1 affinity, lipophilicity and metabolic stability, compound 10 was evaluated for potential development as PET radioligand. Compound [F-18]10 was prepared with high radiochemical purity and showed promising binding properties in rat brain imaging experiments. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  DOI：

  10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.112
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  3,5-dichloro-1-(1-cyclopropyl-2-methoxyethyl)pyrazin-2(1H)-one 在 Chiralpak AD 作用下， 以 甲醇 、 乙醇 、 正庚烷 为溶剂， 以44%的产率得到(S)-3,5-dichloro-1-(1-cyclopropyl-2-methoxyethyl)pyrazin-2(1H)-one
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Development of an Efficient Synthesis of Two CRF Antagonists for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders

  摘要：

  BMS-764459 (1) and BMS-763534 (2) are CRF1 antagonists for the treatment of neurological disorders such as depression and anxiety. An efficient synthesis of 1 and 2 is described, which features an efficient palladium-catalyzed cyanation of a 5-chloropyrazinone where zinc acetate suppresses dehalogenation. This synthesis was applied to the preparation of > 5 kg of 1 and 2 for clinical studies.

  DOI：

  10.1021/op1001512

文献信息

• In Vitro Intrinsic Clearance-Based Optimization of <i>N</i>³-Phenylpyrazinones as Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-1 (CRF₁) Receptor Antagonists
  作者：Richard A. Hartz、Vijay T. Ahuja、Maria Rafalski、William D. Schmitz、Allison B. Brenner、Derek J. Denhart、Jonathan L. Ditta、Jeffrey A. Deskus、Eddy W. Yue、Argyrios G. Arvanitis、Snjezana Lelas、Yu-Wen Li、Thaddeus F. Molski、Harvey Wong、James E. Grace、Kimberley A. Lentz、Jianqing Li、Nicholas J. Lodge、Robert Zaczek、Andrew P. Combs、Richard E. Olson、Ronald J. Mattson、Joanne J. Bronson、John E. Macor

  DOI：10.1021/jm900302q

  日期：2009.7.23

  identified as potent and orally active corticotropin-releasing factor-1 (CRF1) receptor antagonists. Selected compounds proved efficacious in an anxiety model in rats; however, pharmacokinetic properties were not optimal. In this article, we describe an in vitro intrinsic clearance-based approach to the optimization of pyrazinone-based CRF1 receptor antagonists wherein sites of metabolism were identified

  一系列基于吡嗪酮的杂环被鉴定为有效的和口服活性的促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子1（CRF 1）受体拮抗剂。所选择的化合物在大鼠焦虑模型中证明是有效的。但是，药代动力学特性不是最佳的。在本文中，我们描述了一种基于体外固有清除率的方法，用于优化基于吡嗪酮的CRF 1受体拮抗剂，其中通过与人肝微粒体孵育来确定代谢位点。发现通过在代谢的主要位点掺入适当的取代基可以降低代谢速率。这导致发现化合物12x，高效能（IC 50 = 1.0 nM）和选择性CRF1种受体拮抗剂，在大鼠中具有良好的口服生物利用度（F = 52％），并且在大鼠的防御性戒断焦虑测试中具有疗效。
• A Strategy to Minimize Reactive Metabolite Formation: Discovery of (<i>S</i>)-4-(1-Cyclopropyl-2-methoxyethyl)-6-[6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,5-dimethylpyridin-3-ylamino]-5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrazine-2-carbonitrile as a Potent, Orally Bioavailable Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-1 Receptor Antagonist
  作者：Richard A. Hartz、Vijay T. Ahuja、Xiaoliang Zhuo、Ronald J. Mattson、Derek J. Denhart、Jeffrey A. Deskus、Vivekananda M. Vrudhula、Senliang Pan、Jonathan L. Ditta、Yue-Zhong Shu、James E. Grace、Kimberley A. Lentz、Snjezana Lelas、Yu-Wen Li、Thaddeus F. Molski、Subramaniam Krishnananthan、Henry Wong、Jingfang Qian-Cutrone、Richard Schartman、Rex Denton、Nicholas J. Lodge、Robert Zaczek、John E. Macor、Joanne J. Bronson

  DOI：10.1021/jm900716v

  日期：2009.12.10

  6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,5-dimethylpyridin-3-amine group in 19e contributed to the potency and improved in vivo properties of this compound and related analogues. 19e had excellent pharmacokinetic properties in rats and dogs and showed efficacy in the defensive withdrawal model of anxiety in rats. The lowest efficacious dose was 1.8 mg/kg. The results of a two-week rat safety study with 19e indicated that this compound

  详细的代谢表征8是一种较早的基于吡嗪酮的铅促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子1（CRF 1）受体拮抗剂，表明该化合物形成了显着水平的反应性代谢产物，如体内和体外生物转化研究所测。由于有大量证据表明反应性代谢物可能与特异药物反应有关，因此这一点特别令人关注。基于吡嗪酮的CRF 1受体拮抗剂的结构活性关系和体内性质的进一步优化以及评估反应性代谢产物形成的研究导致了19e（一种高亲和力的CRF 1受体拮抗剂）的发现（IC 50＝ 0.86nM），其中GSH加合物估计仅为通过胆汁和尿液排泄的药物相关物质总量的0.1％，表明体内反应性代谢物形成的水平较低。19e中一个新的6-（二氟甲氧基）-2,5-二甲基吡啶-3-胺基团对该化合物和相关类似物的效力和体内特性作出了贡献。19e在大鼠和狗中具有出色的药代动力学特性，并且在大鼠焦虑性戒断模型中显示出功效。最低有效剂量为1.8 mg / kg。为期两周的19e大鼠安
• Synthesis, Structure−Activity Relationships, and In Vivo Evaluation of <i>N</i>³-Phenylpyrazinones as Novel Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-1 (CRF₁) Receptor Antagonists
  作者：Richard A. Hartz、Vijay T. Ahuja、Argyrios G. Arvanitis、Maria Rafalski、Eddy W. Yue、Derek J. Denhart、William D. Schmitz、Jonathan L. Ditta、Jeffrey A. Deskus、Allison B. Brenner、Frank W. Hobbs、Joseph Payne、Snjezana Lelas、Yu-Wen Li、Thaddeus F. Molski、Gail K. Mattson、Yong Peng、Harvey Wong、James E. Grace、Kimberley A. Lentz、Jingfang Qian-Cutrone、Xiaoliang Zhuo、Yue-Zhong Shu、Nicholas J. Lodge、Robert Zaczek、Andrew P. Combs、Richard E. Olson、Joanne J. Bronson、Ronald J. Mattson、John E. Macor

  DOI：10.1021/jm900301y

  日期：2009.7.23

  Evidence suggests that corticotropin-releasing factor-1 (CRF1) receptor antagonists may offer therapeutic potential for the treatment of diseases associated with elevated levels of CRF such as anxiety and depression. A pyrazinone-based chemotype of CRF1 receptor antagonists was discovered. Structure−activity relationship studies led to the identification of numerous potent analogues including 12p,

  有证据表明，促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子1（CRF 1）受体拮抗剂可能为治疗与CRF水平升高有关的疾病（如焦虑症和抑郁症）提供治疗潜力。发现了基于吡嗪酮的CRF 1受体拮抗剂的化学型。结构-活性关系研究导致鉴定出许多有效的类似物，包括12p，这是一种高效和选择性的CRF 1受体拮抗剂，IC 50值为0.26 nM。在大鼠和食蟹猴中评估了12p的药代动力学特性。复合12p对大鼠的防御性戒断试验（焦虑症动物模型）有效。描述了吡嗪酮化学型内化合物的合成，构效关系和体内性质。
• Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of N3-pyridylpyrazinones as corticotropin-releasing factor-1 (CRF1) receptor antagonists
  作者：Richard A. Hartz、Vijay T. Ahuja、William D. Schmitz、Thaddeus F. Molski、Gail K. Mattson、Nicholas J. Lodge、Joanne J. Bronson、John E. Macor

  DOI：10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.129

  日期：2010.3

  A series of N-3-pyridylpyrazinones was investigated as corticotropin-releasing factor-1 receptor antagonists. It was observed that the binding affinity of analogues containing a pyridyl group was influenced not only by the substitution pattern on the pyridyl group, but also by the pK(a) of the pyridyl nitrogen. Analogues containing a novel 6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,5-dimethylpyridin-3-amine group were among the most potent N-3-pyridylpyrazinones synthesized. The synthesis and SAR of N-3-pyridylpyrazinones is described herein. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Development of an Efficient Synthesis of Two CRF Antagonists for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders
  作者：David K. Leahy、Jun Li、Justin B. Sausker、Jason Zhu、Monica A. Fitzgerald、Chiajen Lai、Frederic G. Buono、Alan Braem、Nuria de Mas、Zerene Manaloto、Ehrlic Lo、William Merkl、Bao-Ning Su、Qi Gao、Alicia T. Ng、Richard A. Hartz

  DOI：10.1021/op1001512

  日期：2010.9.17

  BMS-764459 (1) and BMS-763534 (2) are CRF1 antagonists for the treatment of neurological disorders such as depression and anxiety. An efficient synthesis of 1 and 2 is described, which features an efficient palladium-catalyzed cyanation of a 5-chloropyrazinone where zinc acetate suppresses dehalogenation. This synthesis was applied to the preparation of > 5 kg of 1 and 2 for clinical studies.