Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of Novel Nitropyridyl-Based Dichloropropene Ethers
摘要:
Dihalopropene ether insecticides are known for good features such as no cross-resistance to other insecticide classes and safety for mammals. Pyridalyl is the only currently commercialized dichloropropene ether insecticide; however, it contains a trifluoromethyl group, the synthesis of which requires harsh reagents and reaction conditions. To search for novel dihalopropene ethers with unique biological activities but without trifluoromethyl groups, a series of nitropyridyl-based dichloropropene ether analogues were synthesized by reacting nitro-based halopyridine with 2,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenol or 2,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenyl 3-hydroxypropyl ether. Bioassay showed that the compounds exhibited potent insecticidal activities against various lepidopteran pests. Particularly, 2,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenyl 3-(5-nitro-2-pyridyloxy)propyl ether (8e) was active against major agricultural pests, and its insecticidal potency was comparable to that of Pyridalyl. Besides the trifluoromethyl group in Pyridalyl, a nitro group on the 5-position of the pyridyl ring is also viable for the development of optimal insecticidal activity.
Ortho-selectivity in the nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions of 3-substituted, 2,6-dichloropyridines with alkali metal alkoxides
作者:Jeremy L. Yap、Kellie Hom、Steven Fletcher
DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.06.007
日期:2011.8
basicities favour substitution of the chlorine ortho to the 3-substituent by alkali metal alkoxides. We present convincing evidence that coordination of the alkali metal counter-ion to the 3-substituent (nitro, ester, amide) is the origin of the ortho-selectivity to give a cyclic, six-membered transition state. Excellent ortho-selectivities (⩾98:2) for secondary and tertiary alkoxides were realized with
Dihalopropene ether insecticides are known for good features such as no cross-resistance to other insecticide classes and safety for mammals. Pyridalyl is the only currently commercialized dichloropropene ether insecticide; however, it contains a trifluoromethyl group, the synthesis of which requires harsh reagents and reaction conditions. To search for novel dihalopropene ethers with unique biological activities but without trifluoromethyl groups, a series of nitropyridyl-based dichloropropene ether analogues were synthesized by reacting nitro-based halopyridine with 2,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenol or 2,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenyl 3-hydroxypropyl ether. Bioassay showed that the compounds exhibited potent insecticidal activities against various lepidopteran pests. Particularly, 2,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenyl 3-(5-nitro-2-pyridyloxy)propyl ether (8e) was active against major agricultural pests, and its insecticidal potency was comparable to that of Pyridalyl. Besides the trifluoromethyl group in Pyridalyl, a nitro group on the 5-position of the pyridyl ring is also viable for the development of optimal insecticidal activity.