new protocol for the direct two-electron oxidative Umpolung of alkali halidesalts is reported. This procedure, relying on the use of a commercially available sulfoxide as the oxidant, allows the electrophilichalogenation of carbonyl compounds as well as halolactonisation reactions to proceed from the corresponding sodium salts, at room temperature and under mild conditions.
SmI2-mediated reductive cleavage of α-hetero substituents of α-alkyl or α-aryl ketones and lactone gave the corresponding “thermodynamic samarium enolates”. Enantioselective protonation of the samarium enolates with C2-symmetric chiral diols afforded the corresponding ketones and lactone in moderate to high enantioselectivities.
High enantioselectivity (up to 94% ee) has been achieved in the protonation of samarium enolates which were generated by SmI2-mediated reduction of 2-aryl-2-methoxycyclohexanones using a C2-symmetric chiral diol as a protonsource.
Haptens, immunogens, antibodies and conjugates to ketamine and its metabolites
申请人:Randox Laboratories Limited
公开号:US20030224447A1
公开(公告)日:2003-12-04
The invention provides haptens, immunogens comprising such haptens coupled to an antigenicity-conferring carrier material, conjugates comprising such haptens bonded to a labelling agent as well as, antibodies raised against such immunogens and capable of binding with ketamine and its primary metabolite, norketamine.