ABSTRACT
The increased incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS disease in women aged 15 to 49 years has identified the urgent need for a female-controlled, efficacious, and safe vaginal topical microbicide. To meet this challenge, sophorolipid (SL) produced by
Candida bombicola
and its structural analogs have been studied in this report for their spermicidal, anti-HIV, and cytotoxic activities. The sophorolipid diacetate ethyl ester derivative is the most potent spermicidal and virucidal agent of the series of SLs studied. Its virucidal activity against HIV and sperm-immobilizing activity against human semen are similar to those of nonoxynol-9. However, it also induced enough vaginal cell toxicity to raise concerns about its applicability for long-term microbicidal contraception. Its structure-activity relationship has been established for creating new analogs with less cytotoxicity and higher activity.
摘要
人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)/艾滋病在 15 至 49 岁女性中的发病率不断上升,这表明迫切需要一种女性可控、有效且安全的阴道局部杀微生物剂。为了应对这一挑战,由荚膜念珠菌(Candida bombicola)产生的槐脂(SL
念珠菌
及其结构类似物的杀精、抗艾滋病毒和细胞毒性活性进行了研究。在所研究的一系列 SL 中,槐脂二乙酸乙酯衍生物的杀精和杀病毒活性最强。它对艾滋病毒的杀毒活性和对人类精液的精子固定活性与壬苯醇-9相似。不过,它也会诱发足够的阴道细胞毒性,从而引起人们对其是否适用于长期杀微生物避孕的担忧。目前已建立了其结构-活性关系,以创造细胞毒性更低而活性更高的新类似物。