Another metabolism study was conducted on male and female Long Evans rats. This study consisted of seven groups of rats. Both oral dosing studies using corn oil as the vehicle and intravenous administration studies using propylene glycol as the vehicle were performed. ... The study is considered to be the definitive study for understanding how the rat metabolizes alachlor. Oral administration of alachlor was studied using female Long-Evans Crl:CD(LE)BR rats six to nine weeks of age in five dose groups. Groups 1, 2, and 3 each consisted of 33 rats. Each group received single oral doses of radiolabeled alachlor (uniformly labeled in the phenyl ring with 14-C, and enriched with 13-C at the C-2 carbon) at target doses of 7 (Group 1), 70 (Group 2), or 700 (Group 3) mg/kg. Group 4 consisted of 21 rats which received 15 consecutive daily doses of radiolabeled alachlor at 700 mg/kg/day. Group 5 consisted of 6 rats which received a single oral dose of radiolabeled alachlor at 700 mg/kg for the purpose of obtaining plasma samples at 2, 4, and 6 hours post-dosing. Long Evans rats (5/sex/dose) were used to study the disposition and metabolism of alachlor following intravenous administration at 7 (Group 6) or 70 (Group 7) mg/kg. ... In urine, the sec- amide hydroxymethyl sulfone metabolite (metabolite F5) of alachlor was the predominant urinary metabolite after oral and intravenous administration, ranging from 2.1-7.4% of the dose. Repeated oral dosing resulted in the appearance of several additional metabolites, but it is not known whether these additional metabolites are unique to repeated oral administration of alachlor. In feces, the tert-amide mercapturic acid and the disulfide appeared to be the major metabolites after single oral doses of alachlor. Increasing the dose appeared to increase the percentage of these 2 metabolites in feces.
In this study, male and female CD-1 mice (10/sex) received a single oral dose of radiolabeled alachlor in corn oil (890 mg/kg for male mice, 819 mg/kg for female mice). Urine and feces were collected daily for up to 7 days post-dose for analysis of excreted radioactivity and for identification of metabolites. ... Pooled urine and fecal samples representing the 0-48 hour collection time for urine and the 0-96 hour collection time for feces, were analyzed for metabolites of alachlor in male and female CD-1 mice. In feces, at least 10 metabolites were isolated: ... /tert-amide mercapturic acid, disulfide conjugate, sec-amide mercapturic acid, tert-amide thioacetic acid, tert-amide hydroxy sulfone, tert-amide dihydroxysulfone, benzyl glucuronide and tert-amide cysteine conjugate +NCH20-glucuronide. Seven urinary metabolites were characterized in the mouse: tert-amide cysteine conjugate, NCH2O glucuronic acid, cysteine sulfoxide (proposed), sec-amide dihydroxysulfone, sec-amide hydroxy sulfoxide, sec-amide hydroxy sulfone and para-amino sulfate./ While metabolism of alachlor utilizes the same metabolic pathways in mice as in rats, there are quantitative differences between mice and rats in the metabolite profile present. Mouse feces were found to contain greater amounts of mercapturic acid conjugate and lesser amount of disulfide conjugate than in rat feces. The number of urinary metabolites observed in mouse urine was greater than in rat urine. Mouse urine was found to contain greater amounts of glucuronic acid conjugates and cysteine conjugates than the rat, but a lesser amount of phenolic (hydroxylated) metabolites.
From a metabolism study in Rhesus monkeys, five urinary metabolites were identified after intravenous injection. One of these metabolites, (also found in rat and mouse urine, N-[2-ethyl-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-phenyl]-N-(methoxymethyl)-2(methylsulfonyl)acetamide), tested positive in the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium, with and without activation. This metabolite was an HEEA metabolite not previously identified in the monkey. Of the metabolites found in the above two metabolism studies, only two urinary metabolites were common to both the rat and monkey (secondary and tertiary mercapturic acid conjugates). Side chain hydroxylation and sulfate conjugation metabolites were not found in monkey urine as they were in rats.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
在大鼠中,阿特拉津通过代谢并以巯基尿酸、葡萄糖醛酸和硫酸盐的共轭物形式在尿液和粪便中排出。
In the rat, alachlor is metabolized and eliminated as conjugates of mercapturic acid, glucuronic acid, and sulfate in the urine and feces
Alachlor has known human metabolites that include 2,6-Diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)aniline, S-(alachlor)glutathione, and 2-Chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide.
Its mode of action is elongase inhibition, and inhibition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) cyclisation enzymes. It is also know to inhibit biosynthesis of fatty acids, lipids, protein, isoprenoids, flavonoids, and gibberellins. (L921, L923).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
癌症分类:高剂量可能对人类致癌;低剂量不太可能对人类致癌
Cancer Classification: Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans (High Doses); Not Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans (Low Doses)
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
A3:已确认的动物致癌物,对人类的相关性未知。
A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性(未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
健康影响
ARDS/急性肺损伤,食管或胃肠道的烧伤可能由乙草胺中毒(T36)引起。
ARDS/acute lung injury, burns of the esophagus or gastrointestinal tract can result from acetochlor poisoning (T36).
Three pharmacokinetic studies on Rhesus monkeys were performed: an intravenous route of administration study, dermal application of alachlor emulsifiable concentrate (EC), and a dermal application of alachlor micro-encapsulate formulation (Mcap). In all three studies, the levels of radioactivity were monitored in the blood for 7 days, and urine and feces for 9 to 14 days. The purpose of the intravenous study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of alachlor distribution and elimination. Two monkeys/sex/dose were given single doses of 0.24 or 2.4 mg/kg/day. Alachlor was rapidly distributed in the blood (whole, plasma, and red blood cells) within the first 15 minutes, and rapidly eliminated in urine primarily within the first 24 hours. Approximately 93.3% of the low dose and 99.6% of the high dose were eliminated in excreta during the 10-day study period. The majority of this elimination was via the urine (82.1% low dose, and 91.4%, high dose). In both the EC and the Mcap dermal studies, the formulations were tested undiluted and diluted (1:29 for EC and 1:17 for Mcap) with water, 2 monkeys/sex/formulation or dilution/EC or Mcap. The dosages (EC: 32 Fg/cm2 and 300 Fg/cm2; and Mcap 10.8 Fg/cm2 and 217 Fg/cm2) were applied to a 40 cm2 skin area and were left on the skin for 12 hours before removal. For the EC the rate of alachlor absorption was slow and reached a peak in the blood after 24 hours. The total dermal absorption in the low dose animals (32 Fg/cm2), estimated from excretion of radiolabel and retention of label in tissues, was 6-7% in males and 12-13% in females, uncorrected. However, calculation of the actual amount of test material absorbed through the skin was complicated by the fact that recovery of radiolabelled test material in this test group was poor, ranging from 21 to 77% of the nominal amount applied. Data were submitted demonstrating that up to 40% of the applied dose could apparently evaporate from skin (under conditions simulated in vitro) and that application error could result in application of up to 20% less than the nominal value. In the face of these uncertainties, values for excretion and absorption were calculated based upon the amount of radiolabel that was recovered. Using these correction factors, absorption was 10-24 % (low dose) in males and 16-20% (low dose) in females. For the EC, recovery of radiolabel was better in the high dose animals (300 Fg/cm2), and application of a correction factor had little effect. Absorption was 4-9% in males and 10-11% in females. It is also possible to estimate a percent dermal absorption by using a ratio of the corrected percent radiolabel excreted in urine after dermal application to the average percent radiolabel excreted in urine after intravenous administration, which is 87%. Using this ratio, the dermal absorption estimates for the low dose EC group were 9.2-24.8% for males and 16-21.8% for females. For the high dose EC group, the dermal absorption estimates were 4.7-8.9% for the males and 10.7-11.4% for the females. Thus, similar estimates of dermal absorption were obtained by either method of calculation. For the Mcap, the total dermal absorption for the low dose (10.8 Fg/cm2) ranged from 3-23% in males and 6-7% in females. For the high dose (217 Fg/cm2) the total dermal absorption ranged from 2-4% in males and 3-4% in females. Percent dermal absorptions were also estimated using the ratio specified in the discussion of the EC group. Using this ratio, the dermal absorption estimates for the low dose Mcap group were 3.2-23.4% for males and 6.7-7.1% for females. For the high dose Mcap group, the dermal absorption estimates were 2-3.8% in males, and 2.2-3.9% in females. Again, similar estimates of dermal absorption were obtained by either method of calculation.
Another metabolism study was conducted on male and female Long Evans rats. This study consisted of seven groups of rats. Both oral dosing studies using corn oil as the vehicle and intravenous administration studies using propylene glycol as the vehicle were performed. ... The study is considered to be the definitive study for understanding how the rat metabolizes alachlor. Oral administration of alachlor was studied using female Long-Evans Crl:CD(LE)BR rats six to nine weeks of age in five dose groups. Groups 1, 2, and 3 each consisted of 33 rats. Each group received single oral doses of radiolabeled alachlor (uniformly labeled in the phenyl ring with 14-C, and enriched with 13-C at the C-2 carbon) at target doses of 7 (Group 1), 70 (Group 2), or 700 (Group 3) mg/kg. Group 4 consisted of 21 rats which received 15 consecutive daily doses of radiolabeled alachlor at 700 mg/kg/day. Group 5 consisted of 6 rats which received a single oral dose of radiolabeled alachlor at 700 mg/kg for the purpose of obtaining plasma samples at 2, 4, and 6 hours post-dosing. Long Evans rats (5/sex/dose) were used to study the disposition and metabolism of alachlor following intravenous administration at 7 (Group 6) or 70 (Group 7) mg/kg. In the oral studies, absorption at the 7 or 70 mg/kg dose levels was essentially complete, with a slight decrease in absorption at the 700 mg/kg dose level. Repeated oral dosing at 700 mg/kg had no significant effect on absorption. Residual radioactivity did not exceed 5% of the administered dose at any of the dose levels in this study. On a ug/g basis, the residual radioactivity in the non-glandular stomach was higher than in the glandular stomach except at 4 hours post-dose at the 700 mg/kg dose level. Decreasing the dose decreased the percentage of the dose in the non-glandular stomach but not in the glandular stomach. Nasal turbinates showed a secondary peak of radioactivity at 8 hours post-dose at the 700 or 70 mg/kg dose levels in contrast to other tissues. Excretion of alachlor derived radioactivity was approximately equivalent between urine and feces, with between 30-47% excreted in urine and 41-45% excreted in feces at single oral doses of 7, 70, or 700 mg/kg. Intravenous dosing at 7 or 70 mg/kg resulted in a similar excretion profile. Repeated oral dosing at 700 mg/kg resulted in a slight increase in fecal excretion of radioactivity...
In this study, male and female CD-1 mice (10/sex) received a single oral dose of radiolabeled alachlor in corn oil (890 mg/kg for male mice, 819 mg/kg for female mice). Urine and feces were collected daily for up to 7 days post-dose for analysis of excreted radioactivity and for identification of metabolites. In urine, 18.4+/-3.9% and 23.6+/-4.1% of the dose was excreted in male and female mice, respectively. In feces, 66.5+/-6.9% and 53.6+/-3.6% of the dose was excreted in male and female mice, respectively. Total recovery of radioactivity was 85.5+/-3.7% for male mice, and 79.4+/2.7% for female mice. (The low recoveries may be due to the fact that the mice were housed in pairs in units larger than those normally used for a mouse.) Analysis of blood at seven days post-dose showed 0.095+/-0.016% of the dose in males, and 0.075+/-0.017% of the dose in females. ... The data in this study show that in contrast to the rat, feces is the major route of excretion for alachlor derived radioactivity in CD-1 mice. The high percentage of fecal excretion could be the result of poor absorption of test chemical or extensive biliary excretion in the mouse.
...The in vivo percutaneous absorption of alachlor in rhesus monkeys was 17.3 +/- 3.3, 15.3 +/- 3.9, and 21.4 +/- 14.2% for 24-hr skin exposure to Lasso formulation diluted 1:20, 1:40, and 1:80, respectively. In vivo, there was no support for increased alachlor skin absorption with water dilution, as previously reported for in vitro absorption. The average in vivo absorption of 18% applied dose over 24 hr (0.75%/h) was similar to the maximum in vitro rate of 0.8%/hr using human skin and human plasma as receptor fluid. Dose accountability in vivo was 80.6-95.2%. (14-14C)Alachlor in Lasso diluted 1:20 with water was placed on rhesus monkeys at concentrations of 23 micrograms/10 microliters/cm2. Skin decontamination at 0 h with soap and water (50% Ivory liquid 1:1 v/v with water) removed 73 +/- 15.8% (n = 4) of the applied dose with the first wash; this increased to a total of 82.3 +/- 14.8% with two additional washes. Decontamination after 1 h removed 87.5 +/- 12.4% with three successive washes. After 3 h decontamination ability decreased, and after 24 h only 51.9 +/- 12.2% could be recovered with three successive washes. Using water only, at 0 h 36.6 +/- 12.3% alachlor was removed with the first wash and the total increased to 56.0 +/- 14.0% with two additional washes. At 24 h the total amount decreased to 28.7 +/- 12.2% for three successive washes. Alachlor as Lasso in field-use rate (11 micrograms/cm2) and undiluted (217 and 300 micrograms/cm2) proportions were left on rhesus monkey skin for 12 h and decontaminated with soap and water (10% Ivory liquid v/v with water). Continual successive washes (6-8 in sequence) recovered 80-90% of the skin-applied alachlor. These results suggest that simple washing with soap and water is appropriate for removing some chemicals from skin. Decontamination with only water was less effective than with soap and water.
The elimination of the product in both male and female rats is approximately equally distributed between the urine and feces. Nearly 90% of the administered dose is eliminated in 10 days. ... Radioactivity in rat tissues was concentrated in the highly perfused organs such as spleen, liver, kidney, and heart. Additional relatively high levels of radioactivity were found in the eyes, brain, stomach, and ovaries.
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
[EN] ACC INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE L'ACC ET UTILISATIONS ASSOCIÉES
申请人:GILEAD APOLLO LLC
公开号:WO2017075056A1
公开(公告)日:2017-05-04
The present invention provides compounds I and II useful as inhibitors of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.
[EN] 3-[(HYDRAZONO)METHYL]-N-(TETRAZOL-5-YL)-BENZAMIDE AND 3-[(HYDRAZONO)METHYL]-N-(1,3,4-OXADIAZOL-2-YL)-BENZAMIDE DERIVATIVES AS HERBICIDES<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE 3-[(HYDRAZONO))MÉTHYL]-N-(TÉTRAZOL-5-YL)-BENZAMIDE ET DE 3-[(HYDRAZONO)MÉTHYL]-N-(1,3,4-OXADIAZOL-2-YL)-BENZAMIDE UTILISÉS EN TANT QU'HERBICIDES
申请人:SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION AG
公开号:WO2021013969A1
公开(公告)日:2021-01-28
The present invention related to compounds of Formula (I): or an agronomically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Q, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as described herein. The invention further relates to compositions comprising said compounds, to methods of controlling weeds using said compositions, and to the use of compounds of Formula (I) as a herbicide.
[EN] INSECTICIDAL TRIAZINONE DERIVATIVES<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE TRIAZINONE INSECTICIDES
申请人:SYNGENTA PARTICIPATIONS AG
公开号:WO2013079350A1
公开(公告)日:2013-06-06
Compounds of the formula (I) or (I'), wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, are useful as pesticides.
式(I)或(I')的化合物,其中取代基如权利要求1所定义的那样,可用作杀虫剂。
[EN] BLUE POLYMERIC HAIR DYES<br/>[FR] COLORANTS CAPILLAIRES POLYMÈRES BLEUS
申请人:CIBA HOLDING INC
公开号:WO2009090124A1
公开(公告)日:2009-07-23
Disclosed are cationic polymeric dye with a hue value of h = 210° to 330° comprising: a) a polymer backbone, b) a residue of an organic dye, and c) optionally colorless organic groups, wherein (b) and (c) are covalently bound to the polymer backbone (a), and wherein the cationic charges can independently be part of the dye or the colorless organic groups. The dyes are distinguished by their depth of shade and their good fastness properties to washing, such as, for example, fastness to light, shampooing and rubbing.
[EN] HERBICIDALLY ACTIVE HETEROARYL-S?BSTIT?TED CYCLIC DIONES OR DERIVATIVES THEREOF<br/>[FR] DIONES CYCLIQUES SUBSTITUÉES PAR HÉTÉROARYLE À ACTIVITÉ HERBICIDE OU DÉRIVÉS DE CELLES-CI
申请人:SYNGENTA LTD
公开号:WO2011012862A1
公开(公告)日:2011-02-03
The invention relates to a compound of formula (I), which is suitable for use as a herbicide wherein G is hydrogen or an agriculturally acceptable metal, sulfonium, ammonium or latentiating group; Q is a unsubstituted or substituted C3-C8 saturated or mono-unsaturated heterocyclyl containing at least one heteroatom selected from O, N and S, or Q is heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl; m is 1, 2 or 3; and Het is an optionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaromatic ring; and wherein the compound is optionally an agronomically acceptable salt thereof.