Anti-Plasmodium activity of imidazolium and triazolium salts
摘要:
We have previously reported that tetrazolium salts were both potent and specific inhibitors of Plasmodium replication, and that they appear to interact with a parasite component that is both essential and conserved. The use of tetrazolium salts in vivo is limited by the potential reduction of the tetrazolium ring to form an inactive, neutral acyclic formazan. To address this issue imidazolium and triazolium salts were synthesized and evaluated as Plasmodium inhibitors. Many of the imidazolium and triazolium salts were highly potent with active concentrations in the nanomolar range in Plasmodium falciparum cultures, and specific to Plasmodium with highly favorable therapeutic ratios. The results corroborate our hypothesis that an electron-deficient core is required so that the compound may thereby interact with a negatively charged moiety on the parasite merozoite; the side groups in the compound then form favorable interactions with adjacent parasite components and thereby determine both the potency and selectivity of the compound. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
为抑制血红素加氧酶(血红素加氧酶-1和血红素加氧酶-2),设计并合成了一系列的1-偶氮基-4-苯基-2-丁酮。用其他唑类取代咪唑导致发现了新型的1 H -1,2,4-三唑和1 H-四唑类抑制剂,与咪唑类铅抑制剂等效。具有2 H-四唑或1 H的抑制剂‐1,2,3-三唑作为药效基团的效力较低。通过各种吸电子或给电子的,小的或庞大的基团,在咪唑的2或4(5)位置被单取代,或在咪唑的4和5位置相同的解离,以及用阵列代替传统的咪唑药效基团3或5取代的三唑,3,5-二取代的三唑,5取代的1 H和5取代的2 H除少数例外,四唑类被证明对HO的抑制是有害的。还合成了由活性唑酮衍生的唑二氧杂戊环酮和唑醇,但这些抑制剂的活性低于相应的基于咪唑的类似物。首次报道了人类血红素加氧酶-1与1,2,4-三唑基抑制剂(即4-苯基-1-(1 H -1,2,4-三唑-1)的复合物的X射线晶体结构yl)-2-丁酮也已确定。该抑制剂通过三唑部分中的N
The present disclosure relates to certain new and known triazolium and/or imidazolium salts and to their therapeutic use, for example in methods of treating or preventing an infection by a
Plasmodium
or
Babesia
parasite in a subject in need thereof. The triazolium and imidazolium salts are compounds of the Formula (I) or (II): wherein R
1
-R
4
, R
1′
-R
3′
, R
8
-R
11
, X, X′, X″, Y, Y′ and Y″ are as defined in the disclosure.
Compounds and Methods for Treating Cancer and Diseases of the Central Nervous System
申请人:Gupta Ajay
公开号:US20110319459A1
公开(公告)日:2011-12-29
Disclosed are compounds of the general formula (I):
TC
n
D (I),
compositions comprising an effective amount of said compounds either alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, and methods useful for treating or preventing cancer and for inhibiting tumour tissue growth. These compounds attenuate the oxidative damage associated with increased heme-oxygenase activity and can reduce cell proliferation in transformed cells. In addition, the described compounds and compositions are useful as neuroprotectants and for treating or preventing neurodegenerative disorders and other diseases of the central nervous system.