The macrocyclic confinements prefers a solid-state prearrangement of two CC linkers that after photocyclisation quantitatively form a cyclobutane linked double-looped structure with perpendicular orientation of macrocyclic arms.
Chiral carbazole-based porphyrins were synthesized for the first time via the incorporation of hydrobenzoin units at the thiophene moieties. They showed absorption and circular dichroism in the near-infrared (NIR) region. The NIR absorption was further red-shifted by solvent-induced aggregation.