本文描述了新的吡唑系列不可逆KAT II抑制剂的基于结构的设计,合成和生物学评估。从二氢喹啉酮核心到四氢吡唑并吡啶并酮核心的1和2抑制剂骨架的修饰导致发现了一系列新的有效KAT II抑制剂,这些抑制剂具有出色的理化性质。在这些新的吡唑类似物中,化合物20是最有效和亲脂性最强的化合物,其k inact / K i值为112,000 M -1 s -1,亲脂性效率(LipE)为8.53。X射线晶体结构为20 KAT II的使用证明了有助于实现这种非凡效能和结合效率的关键功能。
A small molecule inhibitor selective for a variant ATP-binding site of the chaperonin GroEL
摘要:
The chaperonin GroEL is a megadalton-sized molecular machine that plays an essential role in the bacterial cell assisting protein folding to the native state through actions requiring ATP binding and hydrolysis. A combination of medicinal chemistry and genetics has been employed to generate an orthogonal pair, a small molecule that selectively inhibits ATPase activity of a GroEL ATP-binding pocket variant. An initial screen of kinase-directed inhibitors identified an active pyrazolo-pyrimidine scaffold that was iteratively modified and screened against a collective of GroEL nucleotide pocket variants to identify a cyclopentyl carboxamide derivative, EC3016, that specifically inhibits ATPase activity and protein folding by the GroEL mutant, I493C, involving a side chain positioned near the base of ATP. This orthogonal pair will enable in vitro studies of the action of ATP in triggering activation of GroEL-mediated protein folding and might enable further studies of GroEL action in vivo. The approach originated for studying kinases by Shokat and his colleagues may thus also be used to study large macromolecular machines. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.