New low-valent titanium reagents for dicarbonyl coupling and their use in a general method of annulation
摘要:
New low-valent titanium reagents have been prepared by reducing TiCl3 (1 mol) with C8K (2 mol) or by reducing TiCl4 (1 mol) with Na-naphthalene (2.75 mol). Ketones carrying a chain that incorporates a suitably placed oxo function (aldehyde or ketone) undergo intramolecular dicarbonyl coupling to produce a bicyclic compound when treated with an excess (16-17 mol of titanium halide per mol of dicarbonyl compound) of one of these reagents. The procedure works well even for highly oxygenated substrates and constitutes a general method of annulation. Other reducing agents besides C8K or Na-naphthalene are suitable, and a brief examination of Na(Hg) and Na-K alloy was made. The C8K/TiCl3 system was also used to convert a cis-1,2-diol into the corresponding olefin.
Use of radical ring opening for introduction of alkyl and substituted alkyl groups with stereochemical control: a synthetic application of cyclopropylcarbinyl radicals
作者:Derrick L. J. Clive、Sylvain Daigneault
DOI:10.1021/jo00012a009
日期:1991.6
Cyclopropylcarbinols 2a and 2b (see Scheme I), which are accessible by a number of routes, can be converted into the corresponding radicals 3a and 3b, respectively. These radicals undergo peripheral ring-opening of the cyclopropyl substructure to afford substituted cycloalkenes 4a and 4b. The whole sequence represents a general method for attaching alkyl, and substituted alkyl, groups to an existing cyclic structure, and it can often be carried out with predictable stereo- and regiochemical control. Reaction conditions for the ring-opening depend on the substitution pattern of the cyclopropane: where the non-bridgehead carbon of the cyclopropane carries a strongly electron-withdrawing group, the ring-opening can be done at the reflux temperature of benzene. However, in the absence of such electron-withdrawing groups, a low temperature is best used in order to suppress ring expansion. Various methods that accommodate these requirements are available for generating the radicals.
New low-valent titanium reagents for dicarbonyl coupling and their use in a general method of annulation
作者:Derrick L. J. Clive、Chengzhi Zhang、K. S. Keshava Murthy、William D. Hayward、Sylvain Daigneault
DOI:10.1021/jo00022a042
日期:1991.10
New low-valent titanium reagents have been prepared by reducing TiCl3 (1 mol) with C8K (2 mol) or by reducing TiCl4 (1 mol) with Na-naphthalene (2.75 mol). Ketones carrying a chain that incorporates a suitably placed oxo function (aldehyde or ketone) undergo intramolecular dicarbonyl coupling to produce a bicyclic compound when treated with an excess (16-17 mol of titanium halide per mol of dicarbonyl compound) of one of these reagents. The procedure works well even for highly oxygenated substrates and constitutes a general method of annulation. Other reducing agents besides C8K or Na-naphthalene are suitable, and a brief examination of Na(Hg) and Na-K alloy was made. The C8K/TiCl3 system was also used to convert a cis-1,2-diol into the corresponding olefin.